.' '< ' 'i ,; ■■'',, V 896 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NEW Voj^K BOTANfCAL GARDEN OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS FOR THE YE:AR ended junk so, 1905. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. lyoo. /^\n [No. 29.1 JOINT RESOLUTION providing for printing annually the Report of the Director of the Office of Experiment Stations, Department of Agriculture. Resolved hy the Senate atid House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there be printed eight thousand copies of the report of the Director of the Office of Experiment Stations, prepared under the supervision of the Secretary of Agriculture, on the work and expenditures of that office and of the agricultural experiment stations established in the several States and Territories under the act of Congress of March second, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, for nineteen hundred and three, of which one thousand copies shall be for the use of the Senate, two thousand copies for the use of the House of Representatives, and five thousand copies for the use of the Department of Agriculture; and that annually hereafter a similar report shall be prepared and printed, the edition to be the same as for the report herein provided. Approved, April 27, 1904. 2 THE OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. STAFF. A. C. True, Ph. I)., Director, E. W. AiXEN. I'll. D., Assistant Director and Editor of Experiment Station Record. W. II. Keal, B. A., M. E., Cliiof of Editorial Division. W. H. Evans, Th. D., Chief of Division of Insular Stations. Elwood Mead, D. E., Chief of Irrigation and Drainage Investigations. John Hamilton, B. S., M. S. A., Farmers' Institute Specialist. Mrs. C. E. Johnston, Chief Clerk. . Sarah L. Somjieks, Record Clerk. G. A. Harlow, Accountant. editorial departments. W. II. Beal, B. a., M. E., Meteorology, .soils, and fertilizers. W. H. Evans, Ph. D., Agricultural botany and vegetable pathology. J. I. Schulte, B. S., Field crops. C. B. Smith, M. S., Horticulture and forestry. C. F. Langworthy, Ph. D., Zootechny and huiuaii nutrition. H. W. Lawson, M. S., M. D., Agrotechny, dairy farming, and dairying. W. H. Beal, C. F. Langworthy, and H. W. Lawson, Agricultural chemistry. E. V. Wilcox, Ph. D., Economic zoology, entomology, and veterinary medicine. R. P. Teele, M. a.. Rural engineering. , Rural economics. D. J. Crosby, M. S., Agricultural education. William Henry, Indexing and proof reading. ALASKA experiment STATIONS. C. C. Georgeson, M. S., Special agent in charge, Sitka. F. E. Rader, B. S., Assistant at Rampart. R. W. De Armond. Assistant at Sitka. - P. II. Ross, B. S., Assistant at Kenai. J. W. Neal, Assistant at Copper Center. HAWAII EXPERIMENT STATION. Jared G. Smith, B. S., M. A., Special agent in charge, Honolulu. Edmund C. Shorey, M. A-, D. Sc, Chemist. D. L. Van Dine, B. S. A., Entomologist. J. E. HiGGiNS, B. A., M. S. a., Expert in horticulture. F. (i. Kkalss, In charge of rice investigations. F. G. Krauss, In charge of rice investigations. C. R. Blacow, In charge of tobacco experiments. porto rico experiment station. I). W. May, .M. Agr., Si)ecial agent in charge, Mayaguez. W. V. Tower, M. S.. Entomologist and botanist. J. W. Van Leenhoff, Coffee exjiert. H. C. Henrkksen. B. Agr.. TI«.rticuIturist. E. F. CuBT, Farm superintendent. 4 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXl'EKIMENT STATIONS. NUTRITION INVESTIGATIONS. ('. F. Langwortiiy, Ph. I>.. Editor and export in nutrition. F. «;. Bknedict, Ph. I)., In < liarKo of respiration caloriineter experiments, Mid- (llotown. Conn. U. I». Mii,.NKK, Ph. P., Editorial as.sistant, Middletown, Conn. 11. .\. Pratt, P. A.. Assistant in dietary studies, Middletown, Conn. C. 1>. Woods, Sc. D., Special agent at Orono, Me. irrigation and drainage investigations. Elwuod Mead, 1>. E., Chief of irrigation and drainage investigations. C. G. Elliott, C. E., Engineer in charge of drainage investigations. S. M. Woodward, M. S., M. A., Engineer in charge of irrigation investigations. K. I*. Teele. M. a.-. Expert in irrigation institutions. C. .1. Zintheo, B. S., Expert in farm mechanics. Samuel Fortier, M. E., Engineer in charge of Pacific district. F. C. Herrmann, B. S., Expert in irrigation as related to dry farming. LIBRARY NEW-YORK LETITR OF TRANSMITTAL. botanical QAROEN. Office of Experiment Stations, Washington, D. C, March 12, 1906. Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith the annual report of the Office of Experiment Stations, the publication of which is author- ized by joint resolution of the Fifty-eighth Congress, second session. This includes a report on the work and expenditures of the agricul- tural experiment stations established under the act of Congress of March 2, 1887, for the fiscal j^ear ended June 30, 1905, in compliance with the following provision of the act making appropriations for this Department for the said fiscal year : The Secretary of Agriculture shall prescribe the form of the annual financial statement required by section three of the said act of March second, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, shall ascertain whether the expenditures under the appropriation hereby made are in accordance with the provisions of the said act, and shall make report thereon to Congress. Very respectfully, A. C. True, Director. Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture. 5 CONTENTS, Page. Summary. 13 Statistics of the stations -.- - - 13 Dissemination of information 13 Progress of the stations 14 Needs of the stations 16 Statistics of the land-grant colleges 17 Progress in agricultural education ._ 18 The farmers' institutes 20 The Association of Colleges and Stations 21 The Office of Experiment Stations 21 Experiment stations in Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico 22 Nutrition investigations 23 The work at different places -.- 24 Food and nutrition publications 28 Irrigation and drainage investigations 28 Irrigation 28 Drainage 34 Farm machinery 37 Publications 37 Work and expenditures of the agricultural experiment stations 39 Office of Experiment Stations 39 General outlook 39 Lines of work 40 Income 41 Publications 41 The agricultural experiment stations in the several States and Terri- tories 43 Alabama College Station 43 Alabama Canebrake Station 44 Alabama Tuskegee Station 45 Alaska stations 46 Arizona Station 48 Arkansas Station 50 California Station 52 Colorado Station 53 Connecticut State Station 55 Connecticut Storrs Station 57 Delaware Station 58 Florida Station 60 Georgia Station 62 Hawaii Station 63 Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Station 65 Idaho Station 66 Illinois Station 68 7 8 CONTENTS. Work and oxponditnrrs of tlio aKricnltnral oxperiment stations — ContM. Page. Tilt' a,:,'ri(ultuiiil txiM-rinu-nt stations in tin* several .States — (Jontinned. Indiana Station 70 Iowa Station 72 Kansas Station 74 Kentucky Station 76 Louisiana stations 78 Maine Stiition '. 80 Maryland Station 82 Massachusetts Station 1 84 Michigan Station 86 Minnes( )ta Station 88 Mississippi Station — 91 Missouri College Station 93 Missouri State Fruit Station 95 Montana Station .-...: 95 Nebraska Station • 97 Nevada Station -- r.-.- ^^ New Hami)shire Station .. 101 New Jersey stations . ..: 102 New Mexico Station 105 New York State Station 106 New York Cornell Station 110 North Carolina Station . . 112 North Dakota Station 114 Ohio Station ... . 116 Oklahoma Station 119 Oregon Station .... 120 Pennsylvania Station ... 122 Porto Rico Station 124 Rhode Island Station. : 127 South Carolina Station 128 South Dakota Station 130 Tennessee Station . _ 132 Texas Station 134 Utah Station .... •.... -.. 136 Vermont Station. 138 Virginia Station - . . 140 "Washington Station 142 West Virginia Station 144 Wisconsin Station 147 Wyoming Station 149 Statistics of land-grant colleges and agricultural experiment stations, 1905 - 1 53 Summary of statistics of land-grant colleges 153 Summary of statistics of the stations _ 154 Statistics of the land-grant colleges and universities . 156 Table 1. — Land-grant institutions and their courses of study . . 156 Table 2. — General statistics 162 Table 3. — Students by classes and courses 164 Parti.— White students 164 Part 2. — Negro students 166 Table 4.— Value of permanent funds and equipment 168 Table 5. — Revenue for year ended June 30, 1905 170 CONTENTS. 9 Work and expenditure ■; of the agricnltural experiment stations — Cont'd. Page. Statistics of land-grant colleges, etc. — Continiied. Statistics of the land-grant colleges and universities — Continued. Table G. — Additions to equipment in 1905 172 Table 7. — Disbursements from the United States Treasury to the States and Territories of the appropriations under the act of Congress approved August 30, 1890. . . ^ 174 Statistics of the agricultural experiment stations 176 Table 8.— General statistics, 1905 176 Table 9. — Revenue and additions to equipment in 1905 182 Table 10. — Expenditures from the United States appropriation for the year ended June 30, 1905 184 Table 11. — Disbursements from the United States Treasury to the States and Territories of the appropriations under the act of Congress of March 2 , 1887 1 86 The Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations 187 Nineteenth annual convention 187 General sessions 187 Section on college work and administration 192 Section on experiment station work 194 Drainage investigations . 197 The evolution of farm-implement investigations 211 Introduction 211 Implement testing in Europe - 211 Sweden 211 Denmark 213 Norway 213 Germany _.....'. 214 Italy :..;;.;;;: 216 France .....J..J.^ J.__ 217 Other countries 217 International Congress of Agricultural Mechanics, at Liege, Belgium, 1905 _ 217 Need of farm implement investigations in the United States. 219 Some needed investigations .... 220 Tillage implements .._.__ 220 Seeding and planting implements 220 Harvesting and thrasliing machinery . . ... . „ 221 Motive power for farms 221 Some experiment station work relating to the food and nutrition of man. . . 225 Introduction 225 Production and distribution of food 227 Improvement in yield and quality of cereals 228 Improvement in character of dairy products . 230 Food preservation and preparation 233 Food adulteration 236 Conclusion 336 Some results of experiment station work with insecticides 239 General insecticide methods , 239 The lime-sulphur-salt wash 240 Petroleum insecticides 249 Fumigation with hydrocyanic-acid gas 254 Arsenical insecticides 257 Soap insecticides 260 1 CONTENTS. Some results of experiment sLition work with insecticides— Continued. Page. Special inst'cticiilc inctliods 261 The codliiiK moth 261 The plum cnrculio 265 The apple aphis 265 The woolly aphis 266 The apple maggot 267 The f ringed-wing apple-bud moth 267 Tent caterpillars 268 Red spiders _ 268 The Hessian fly 269 The chinch bug 270 The greenhouse white fly 271 The Colorado potato beetle. 272 The potato worm 273 The peach borer 273 The peach twig-borer 274 The grape root-worm 274 The pistol case-bearer 275 The squash bug. 275 The pickle worm 276 The Cottonwood leaf- beetle 276 The Mediterranean floiir moth 276 Corn billbugs '. . 277 The corn root-aphis 277 The hop aphis 278 Black flies. 278 Thehomfly 279 Fleas.. 279 Mos(iuitoes 279 Some experiment station work relating to the production and sale of pure milk 281 Diseases of cows 281 Feeding stuffs 285 Stables and yards... 287 Milking. 289 Handling milk. 292 Bacteria in milk 294 Preservatives 298 General articles 298 Progress in agricultural education, 1905 303 Educational work of the Department of Agriculture 303 Educational work of the Office of Experiment Stations 304 Relation to American institutions 304 Relation to foreign institutions. 305 Second International Congress of Agricultural Education 305 First International Congress of Agricultural Mechanics 309 Resolutions relating to agricultural education adopted at the international congresses of agriculture and agricultural education 312 Foreign institutions 321 Educational work of the Association of American Agricultural Col- leges and Experiment Stations 324 CONTENTS. 11 Progress in agriciilUiral education, 1905— Continued. Page. The agricultural colleges - - 325 Appropriations 326 New buildings 327 Massachusetts --- 327 Nebraska - - 328 North Carolina ..- 328 Work of the colleges -- 330 The rural schools - 331 Industrial course in the consolidated rural school, the agricultural high school, and the agricultural college articialated into a unified scheme - - - - 335 Secondary schools 342 Agriculture 342 Primary schools 352 The farmers" institutes in the United States, 1905 359 Work of the institute office 361 New features in institute work 363 State institute organization - - - 364 Aid by the National Department of Agriculture 365 The American Association of Farmers' Institute Workers 369 The State reports. - - - - 370 Farmers' institutes in the several States and Territories - - . 370 Statistics of farmers' institutes, 1905 409 I L L U S T R A T I N S . Page. Plate I. Cooperative date orchard, Arizona Station 48 II. Red clover on prairie land, Lower Illinois glaciation 68 III. Fig. 1. — Effect of potassium on yield of corn on peaty swamp soil in Illinois. Fig. 2. —Agronomy building, Illinois Station 68 IV. Kentucky Station experiments with Bnrley tobacco. 76 V. Pot experiment plant of New Jersey stations 102 VI. Fig. 1. — Oklahoma Station lots for steer-feeding experiments. Fig. 2. — Black-hulled white Kafir corn. Continuous culture — manured and unmanured 118 VII. Fig. 1. — Wilder Hall, Massachusetts Agricultural College. Fig. 2. — Agricultural Hall, University of Nebraska 326 VIII. Agricultural Hall, North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts 328 IX. Basement plan. Agricultural Hall, North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts 328 X. First-floor plan, Agricultural Hall, North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts 328 XI. Second-floor plan, Agricultural Hall, North Carolina College of Agriciilture and Mechanic Arts 328 12 ANNUAL REPORT OF OFFICE OF liXl'ERIMENT STATIONS, lUNE 30, 1905. SUMMARY. By A. C. True and Dick J. Crosby. STATISTICS OF THE STATIONS. Agricultural experiment stations are now in operation under the act of Congress of March 2, 1887, in all the States and Territories and, under special appropriation acts, in Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico. In Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, Hawaii, Missouri, Alabama, and Louisiana separate stations are maintained wholl}^ or in part by State funds. A number of stations are also maintained in different States. Excluding the substations, the total number of stations in the United States is 60. Of these, 55 receive appropria- tions provided for by acts of Congress. The total income of the stations maintained under the act of 1887 during 1905 was $1,525,489.18, of which $718,163.45 was received from the National Government, and the remainder, $797,571.02, from State governments, individuals, and communities, fees for analyses of fertilizers, sales of farm products, and miscellaneous sources. In addition to this, the Office of Experiment Stations had an appropria- tion of $177,500 for the past fiscal year, including $15,000 for the Alaska exi^eriment stations, $15,000 for the Hawaii Experiment Sta- tion, $15,000 for the Porto Rico Experiment Station, $20,000 for nutritiim investigations, $67,500 for irrigation investigations, and $5,000 for farmers' institutes. The total value of additions to the e(iuipment of the stations in 1905 is estimated to be $155,619^72. DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION. The activity of the stations in disseminating the results of their investigations continues unabated. Of the 845 persons employed in station work last year, 423 did more or less teaching in the colleges with which the stations are connected, and 393 assisted in farmers' institutes, contributing a total of two thousand six hundred and eighty-nine days to this work. In this way the results of investi- 13 14 REPORT OF OFFTCK OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. gat ions in a<]:riciiltuiv were brought directly to the attention of nearly 10,000 students in agricultural colleges and probably :U)0,000 attendants at fanners' institutes. A much larger number of farmers has been reached and a wider influence has been extended by means of the publications of the stations. These publications during the past year aggregated 403 annual reports and bulletins, and a total of more than 5,400,000 copies of them were distributed to over 731.000 addresses on the regular mailing lists. The stations also published and distributed nearly 1,150,000 copies of circulars, leaflets, press bulletins, and other special publications. Many of tliem report rapidly growing mailing lists and correspondence, and in some cases the demands of this nature have been more than the stations could meet. Considering their limited resources, these in- stitutions are accomplishing a large amount of useful work and giv- ing wide publicity to the results attained. PROGRESS OF THE STATIONS. In the last report of this Office attention was called to the w^ork of the experiment stations in the field of agronomic research, and especially to the results attained by a few" of the stations in plant- breeding experiments. The remarkable success which has attended the work of some of the stations in breeding and selecting special- purpose varieties of corn and wheat has led to the rapid extension of this class of investigations. Many of the stations are now engag- ing in this kind of work, and, in cooperation with this Department, are breeding and selecting forage plants and cereals for greater production, for drought resistance, and for alkali resistance; cotton for longer staple and for resistance to insect pests and diseases; cow- peas for yield and resistance to drought and disease ; sweet corn and sugar beets for increased sugar content ; fruits and cereals for greater resistance to cold ; tobacco for quality and form, and numerous other field and garden crops for special qualities. In the same wa}^ new varieties secured by crossing are being so handled as to fix their de- sirable qualities. It now aj^pears entirely feasible to secure as marked results in originating and fixing desirable characteristics in plants as in animals. Success in these lines of investigation has stimulated the station men to greater activity along other important lines of research. In the animal-husbandry work, for exami:)le, greater activity is apparent in the study of breeding problems. Several of the stations are study- ing fundamental breeding problems concerning the application of Mendel's law to the origination of new types of animals, while others are breeding and selecting for si:)ecial performance. Cattle are being bred for milk or beef production, chickens for egg production, swine for lean meat, mutton sheep for early maturity, etc., and quite re- PROGRESS OF THE STATIONS. 15 cently two stations in cooperation with this Department have under- taken breeding experiments with horses, in one case to produce an American carriage horse from the xVmerican trotter as foundation stock and in the other to improve the Morgan breed of horses. Another indication of the recent development of interest in sys- tematic breeding investigations is found in the organization of the American Breeders' Association, with members in this Department and in every agricultural experiment station in the United States. The purposes of this association, as stated in its constitution, are " to study the laws of breeding and to promote the imi)rovement of plants and animals by the development of expert methods of breed- mg." But the attention here directed to the breeding work of the stations is not to be taken as an indication that their other work has been allowed to drift or that the investigators in other lines of research are in the slightest degree relaxing their efforts to add to the sum of knowledge concerning the science of agriculture or to bring about needed improvements in all lines of agricultural practice. On the contrary, the examples cited are merely indications of a growing appreciation by station men in each line of research of the need of more thorough studies of the broader and more fundamental prob- lems in agriculture. The well-directed enthusiasm which everv- where pervades this work augurs well for the future of agricultural research in this country. The vastness of agricultural problems, when considered in the aggi'e- gate, is almost beyond comprehension. When account is taken of the fact that the production of wealth on farms in the United States in 1905 reached the stupendous aggregate of $6,415,000,000, and that this represents an increase of $256,000,000 over the production in. 1904, the importance of any one discovery affecting favorably the production of agricultural wealth is apparent. And this vast in- crease in productive capacity is due primarily to improved methods in farm practice. In the period covered by this report no consider- able new areas have been brought under cultivation except where cul- tivation has been made possible by investigations showing the possi- bility of reclaiming arid or semiarid lands by irrigation or dry- farming operations. Credit for this additional wealth-producing power must therefore be given mainly to the use of improved field crops, fruits, and animals; to better methods of cultivating, fertiliz- ing, harvesting, and marketing crops; to more rational practice in feeding and caring for farm animals, and to the more general and successful use of pn'ventives and remedies for diseases and insect pests of plants and animals. If, now, credit for one-lunuhvdlh part of the improvement in farm practice can be given to the iidhience exerted by the experiment stations through the 6^,400,000 publications 16 l(i:i't)KT OF OFFICE OF EXPEIUMENT STATIONS. (lislril)ut('»l (liirii.^ (lir previous year, through correspondence with hundreds of thousands of farmers, and throu<;h demonstrations and k'ctures reaching otlier hun(h"eds of thousands, tlic total expense of maintainin circulars, and ',\ articles for the Yearbook of the Department. One other number of the Ex- periment Station Record, (5 technical l)ulletins, 1 report, 1 Porto Rico Station bulletin, 1 Farmers' Bulletin, 1 farmers' institute lecture, 1 circular, and several miscellaneous documents containing about 2,400 pages were prepared and submitted for publication before the close of the fiscal year. Copy for 900 cards of the index of experiment station literature was prepared during the yeai-. The number of index cards distributed has reached 25,600. The amount received from the sale of index cards during the year was $317.87. The policy of reprinting separates of individual articles contained in larger reports has been continued with satisfactory results. Thirty-five such separates, aggregating 807 pages, have been reprinted in editions of varying size to meet the actual demands for the articles. Several of the earlier technical and Farmers' Bulletins of the Office were ex- hausted during the year and were reprinted, in many cases with complete revision or more or less additions and corrections. Six of the earlier numbers of the Experiment Station Record were reprinted in limited editions to complete sets. THE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN THE SEVERAL STATES AND TERRITORIES. ALABAMA. Agricultural Experiment Station of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn. Department of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute. J. F. DuGGAR. M. S., Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The chemist of the Alabama Station has completed a study of methods of clarifying cane sirup, in which he found acid calcium phosphate satisfactory. The extensive variety tests with cotton, in- volving the use of some 200 varieties, have been closed, and the results are being prepared for pul)lication. Among the investigations re- cently undertaken are experiments in curing hay artificially by means of a blower in an old tobacco barn; a study of the transmission of sorehead in chickens, which is thought to be carried by mosquitoes; corn-breeding experiments near Montgomerj'^, and feeding experi- ments with hogs, a line of work which was suspended for a time. The study of cotton diseases by the botanist is being continued. The station has started at each of the nine district agricultural schools in the State rotation experiments similar to those in progress at the station. This, it is believed, will be a fine object lesson. The station is cooperating with the Bureau of Plant Industry of this Department in testing vegetables; in studying the shedding of .squares, blooms, and bolls of the cotton plant, and in studying-prob- lems in farm management in connection with the diversification farms. In cooperation with the Bureau of Animal Industry, the station is conducting feeding experiments with steers. This station still needs a stronger organization to correlate its work in different departments and strengthen its attack upon leading agri- cultural problenjs of the State. It is also in need of larger funds, which will enable it to command a larger share of the time of men on its staff and to extend its work more widely about the State. Tlie peculiar local conditions make this especially desirable. The station is maintaining a leadcrshij) in agricultural n)atters in the State, and in several lines is doing work of high value. 43 44 REPORT OF OFFICE OP EXPERIMENT STATIONS. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Alabama Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry of fertilizers and farm crops, and methods of clarifying cane sirup ;^ botany — grasses, native trees, and varieties of cotton; soils — renovation with ma- nures and leguminous plants, inoculation experiments; analysis of fertilizers and food materials; field and jjot experiments — fertil^ izers, leguminous plants as soil renovators, barnyard manures, cereals, cotton, forage crops, and vegetables; horticulture — varieties of straw-, berries and other fruits and asparagus, irrigation of garden vegeta- bles; plant breeding — cotton, cowpeas, and corn; diseases of plants; feeding and pasturing experiments with beef and dairy animals and hogs ; diseases of animals ; and dairying. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows : United States appropriation $15,000.00 Fees G, 073. 24 Farm products 382.07 Miscellaneous 2, 080. 08 Total 23,535.99 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 128-130 and 132 and the Annual Report for 1904. The bulletins are on the following subjects: Feeding and grazing experiments Avith beef cattle; the Mexican cotton-boll weevil; tests of varieties of cotton in 1904; diseases of the apple, cherry, peach, pear, and plum, with methods of treatment. Canebrake Agricultural Experiment Station, Uniontown. J. F. DuGGAB, M. S., Director, Auburn; J. M. Riciieson, M. S., Assistant Di- rector, Uniontown. GENERAL OUTLOOK. For three years the Canebrake Station has been conducting experi- ments to determine whether the soils of that region are deficient in humus or in nitrogen. The results thus far indicate a lack of nitrogen. Corn and other crops following legume stubble plowed ALABAMA. 45 under showed a marked increase over the same crops on hind on which heavy crops of nonlciiuininous n:roon manure have been used. Good resuhs have been obtained with alfalfa and soy beans. LINES OF WORK. The i)rincipal lines of work conducted at the Canebrake Station during the past year were as follows: Soil improvement, field experi- ments, horticulture, floriculture, diseases of plants, and diseases of animals. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: state apin-opriation $2,500.00 Farm products (jlO. 39 Total 3, 110. 39 PUBLICATION. Bulletin 22, on experiments with cotton, corn, and oats in 1904. Tuskegee Agricultural Experiment Station, Tuskegee Institule. Departuieut of the Tuskegee Normal ami Industrial Institute. G. W. Cakver, M. Agr., Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The Tuskegee Station has published the results of seven years of experiments to improve the tilth and productiveness of a wornout and eroded piece of land. All of the work was done with one horse, so that the conditions would be comparable Avith those on numerous small farms owned by negroes in Alabama. The results are very interesting and indicate that with proper cultivation and a rotation of crops, including some of the legumes, the poorest soil of that region can be made productive. The land under treatment, which was practically nonproductive, has been improved until it yields 24 bushels of rye, 35 bushels of wheat, 20 bushels of barley, or a 525- pound bale of lint cotton per acre. Experiments are being conducted with different varieties of soy beans and cotton, in feeding cattle, and with poultry. Ten acres have been added recently to the land under the control of the experiment station. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Tuskegee Station during the past year were as follows: Field experiments, horticul- ture, diseases of plants, animal industry — feeding experiments and poultry investigations, and dairying. 40 REPUKT Ul" U1''1''I(.'K Ol-' EXPERIMENT STATIONS. INCOME. The iiR'oiiic of the slalion (hiring the i)ast liscal year was as fol- lows : State appropriation $1, 500 PUBLICATION. Bulletin (J, on how lo build up wornout soils, contains a discussion on this subject based upon the result of eight years' experiments. ALASKA. Alaska Agricultural Experiment Stations, Sitka, Kenai, Copper Center, and Rdinparl. Under the supervision of A. C. True, Director, Office of Experiment Stations, United States Department of Agriculture. C. C. Georgeson, M. S., Special Agent in Charcc, 8itka. GENEKAL OUTLOOK. The weather in Alaska is the determining factor which decides for or against the success of agricultural experiments. The past season was, on the Avhole, favorable. In the coast region the summer was warm and sunny, and, as a result, vegetable growing was a success and there were excellent gardens throughout that region. In the interior, on the other hand, the season was less favorable than usual in that the spring was late and wet and seeding was consequently late and growth slow in early sunnner. But in some sections of the interior there were no killing frosts until September. In other places, as, for instance, in the Copper River Valley, there was a kill- ing frost on August 14 -which practically destroyed all kinds of garden and field crops. At the Sitka Station the lines of w'ork heretofore reported were continued. Much work was done in the -way of propagating nursery stock, draining and improving soil, and in experiments in horticul- ture. Early maturing apples and also some cherries, raspberries, and currants were distributed from this station to about 150 coopera- tors located in nearly all parts of the Territory. This work will be continued and extended in the future, the object being to ascertain if the tree fruits can be successfully grown in any part of Alaska. To this end all kinds of hardy, early-maturing varieties of fruit trees and fruit bushes are propagated, distributed, and tested. The sta- tion has also under way experiments with cabbage, cauliflower, pota- toes, and peas to find varieties best suited to Alaska conditions. Some satisfactory results were obtained. It must be noted, however, that the soil at the Sitka Station has not yet been brought to a satisfac- ALASKA. 47 torv condition for horticultural crops, and comparative tests arc un- reliable IxH'ause of the unevenness of (he soil. It is gi-atifving to be able to report that at the Rampart Station, in about latitude G5° 40' N., several varieties of barley and oats, and also winter rye, matured. Spring wheat did not mature because of the late seedinjr, and winter wheat was nearlv all winterkilled be- cause of an unusually light snowfall. There were several light frosts in the latter part of August, but none of them injured the grains, the first killing frost occurring September 13. Two and a half acres were cleared, making 5 acres in all at this station. Lumber was ])urchased for the erection of a house the coming summer. ^ At the Copper Center Station 30 acres were cultivated in 46 va- rieties of gi'ain, 8 of grasses, and all the common hardy vegetables comprising, with the fertilizer experiments, more than 200 plats. These experiments were cut short by a killing frost which occurred August 14. Some half dozen varieties of oats and barley matured, but the main crops were killed and cut for hay. The testing of va- rieties of cereals has been the main work at this station, and to this will now be added breeding and selection of grain to secure varieties suited to the region. The rainfall in the Copper River Valley is very light, and irrigation would be a great help. The total precipitation for the year was 10 inches, including melted snow. From the last snow in May to September 1 the rainfall was 3.05 inches. In case a railroad should penetrate the interior of Alaska this station should be moved to a suitable point on the road. At the Kenai Station our efforts have been directed toward the development of a dairy farm. A few cows have been gotten together and the station has been supplied with dairy apparatus with a view of continuing this work. All the grain at that station was cut for hay. Some useful experiments with grasses and forage i^lants are under way at Kenai. The small apjiropriation for the introduction of and experiments with live stock in Alaska it is planned to utilize in the purchase of Galloway cows with good milking qualities and place them tempo- rarily at the Kenai Station. The object is to develop a breed which shall be at once hardy and also good dair}' animals. None of the distinctive dairj' breeds is hardy enough to meet the conditions. The Cialloways are a hardy breed, and, although they are mainly beef animals, many of the cows are fine milkers. It is hoped to de- velop a general-purpose herd better suited to Alaska than any breed now extant. It is also planned to purchase some sheep from Iceland and some Blackfaced Scotch sheep. A beginning will probably be made with 10 or 12 cows and 25 sheep. 48 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. LINES or AVORK. Tlu' priiK'ii)al lines of work conducti'd at the Alaska stations dur- ing;: the past fiscal year Mere as follows: Horticulture — the propao;a- tion and introduction of tree and bush fruits; field experiments — experiments with cereals, the testing of forage plants and grasses, and the inijU'ovement of soil by the addition of lime, fertilizers, and drainage; the beginning of experiments in aninnil husbandry and dairying; meteorology — the collection of data from some 2G stations in cooperation with the United States Weather Bureau, the Weather Bureau furnishing the instruments and the special agent in charge supervising the work ; distribution of seeds to about 2,000 persons in all parts of the Territory in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry. INCOME. Thp income of the stations during the past fiscal year w^as as follows : United States appropriation $15,000.00 Farm products 191. 61 Total 15, 191. Gl ARIZONA. Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Arizona, Tucson. Department of the University of Arizona. R. H. Forbes, M. S., Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. As a result of four years of feeding experiments with steers, the Arizona Station finds that alfalfa is probably the most valuable crop of the Southwest for beef production. A straight alfalfa ration, compared with an alfalfa and carbohydrate ration, gave in six sets of trials average results which Avere practically identical, and since alfalfa can be more cheaply produced in that region than carbo- hydrate feeds, such as sorghum, millet, and corn, the alfalfa ration is considered the more economical in beef production. The results of investigations relating to the cost of pumping for irrigation in Arizona were published in Bulletin 49, for which there has been great demand. The station has also published results of investiga- tions in pickling olives, which, it is thought, w'ill lead to the increased use of the olive in this country. Among the investigations in progress during the year are a study of the injurious effects of mine tailings turned into the rivers used for irrigation purposes; a study of the chemistry of date ripening, An. Rpt Office of Expennnent Stations, 1905. Plate ', jA v* ,f' ^' ^ mW'^ ^-" Fig. 1.— Date Palms. •^^*ji- Fig. 2.— Pumping Plant. Fig. 3.— WORKMEN'S Cottage. COOPERATIVE DATE ORCHARD, ARIZONA STATION. ARIZONA. 49 including some experiments in the artificial ripening of some of the late varieties; a continued study of range problems, with special ref- erence to the value of cacti as feed for cattle, in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry of this Department, and the date palm investigations in cooperation with the same Bureau. (PI. I, figs. 1, 2, and 3.) The latter investigations have now reached a stage where the distribution of date-palm suckers among the farmers of the State has been begun, and it is hoi)ed that in this way the date-palm zone in the Southwest can be definitely determined. Among the lines of work recently taken up are investigations in agriculture and horticulture to secure new crops suited to Arizona conditions, in which plant breeding will be a feature. Among the crops to be tested are alfalfa, small fruits, garden vegetables, and cereals. A determination of the duration of viability in seeds sub- merged under water and investigations in seed selection according to specific gravity are in progress. Attention will be given to farmers' institutes during the current year, funds amounting to $2,300 having been pro\-ided by the legislature for this work. The station also has $1,300 for the establishment of a date orchard in Yuma, and $1,500 for printing. The station seems to be making distinct progress in its date-palm investigations, and with the new date orchard at Yuma it should soon be able to forecast the possibilities of date culture in the Territory. The range and forage plant studies will prove of great value to the stock industry of Arizona, and the cattle-feeding experiments are of immediate application to the whole southwestern region. The in- creased appropriations by the Territorial legislature indicate a grow- ing appreciation of the station's work. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Arizona Station dur- ing the past year were as follows: Chemistry — study of irrigation waters and their effects upon irrigated soils, chemistry of date ripen- ing; botany; field experiments — cereals, forage crops, small fruits, and garden vegetables; irrigation investigations; improvement of ranges; horticulture — date-palm growing, vegetables, fruits, etc.; plant breeding; dairying, and feeding experiments — beef and dairy r.attle, sheep, and hogs. H. Doc. 'J24, 5!J-1 1 50 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. INCOME. The income of tlio station (luriii*r llic past fiscal year wa?i as follows: United States appropriation $15,000.00 State appropriation 13, (iOS. 80 Fees 127.00 Farm products SOT. 56 Miscelln noons 1 105. 85 Total 29, 739. 27 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fiind has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletin 48. on relation of weather to crops; Bulletin 4J), (m cost of pumping for irrigation, and Bulletin 50, on steer-feeding experiments, and the Annual Report for 1904. ARKANSAS. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, FayetteviUe. Department of the University of Arkansas. W. G. ViNCENHELLER, Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The experiments of the Arkansas Station relating to the toxic effect of cotton-seed meal fed to swine have been continued by the veterina- riaii with many variations, the effort being to find a way of utilizing cotton-seed meal profitably in pork production. Numerous efforts to remove the poison by fermenting the meal, making aqueous ex- tracts of it, etc., have been made, but without marked success. The veterinarian is continuing his studies of tuberculosis and vaccination for hog cholera and swine plague, and is distributing blackleg vac- cine. The horticulturist is carrying on experiments in the practical treatment of diseases of orchards, experiments with grapes, onions, potatoes, asparagus, rhubarb, and other truck crops. As a result of his work celery growing has been established in the State and is increasing, methods of fruit growing have been improved, the grow- ing of muskmelons has become quite an industr3% and the production of peaches is increasing. The station is cooperating with the Bureau of Plant Industry of this Department in growing Hungarian varie- ties of apples, and with this Office in rice experiments under irriga- tion at Lonoke. ARKANSAS. 51 A dairy dopartinent has been established (hirin*^- the jQar and a small herd of Brown Swiss cattle purchased jointly by the college and station. The dairyman is conducting experiments on summer soiling crops, the feeding of corn silage, and methods of raising calves — testing skim milk, whole milk, and calf meals. The station for the first time in its history has an apj^ropriation from the State legislature. $8r),Q00 for two years, a portion of which will be used for buildings and another portion for three cooperative farms in the cotton sections of the State. The additional funds will also make it possible to employ several addition'tl men on the staff of the station. The station is attacking the leading problems of the State, and the appropriations it has received will eiudile it to strengthen its work. In general the outlook for greater activity and efficiency is much improved. LINES or Wt)RK. The principal lities of work condu.cted at the Arkansas Station dur- ing the past year were as follow^s : Chemistry — adulteration of foods, effect of feeding cotton-seed meal, the effect of cotton-seed oil on the melting point of lard, and nutrition of man ; field experiments — rota- tion of crops, testing and breeding cowpeas, corn culture, spring and fall sowing of alfalfa, soy beans, peanuts, and other forage-plant studio, broom corn, rice, etc.; horticultural investigations — ^testing varieties of apples, peaches, small fruits, and vegetables, as])aragus culture, and plant diseases; entomology — injurious insects and means for their repression and inspection work; veterinary investigations — animal diseases, poisonous properties of cotton-seed jjroducts. prej)- aration and distribution of l)lackleg vaccine, inspection work, and dairying. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal yeai- was as follows: Uiiitctl states apid-oprijitioii $1.'?. lf;;5. 4.'> Farm prudiRts 1,507.33 Total 14,730.78 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The pul)lications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 83-80 and the Amuuil K('i)ort for 1004, the latter con- taining a financial statement for the fiscal year ended June oO, li)04, and reprints of Bulletins 77-82. The subjects of the bulletins issued 52 KKPOH'I' (H" OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. (liirini:: Ihc war arc l)rooni-rorn sn*rfr(^stions; poannts; cotton-seed products in h()<; fccdin*r; aspai'airus and salt, and asparagus growing in Arlcansas, and rliubarb in Arkansas. CALIFORNIA. Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of California, Berkeley. Department of the University of California. E. W. IIiLGARi). Pli. p., I.L. D., Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK, The character of the investigations of the California Station has not changed materially during the past year. A circular and a bulle- tin on asjiaragus rust have been issued during the year, also bulletins on pear scab, fennentation, silk culture, olive oil, the hop aphis, tuber- culosis in fowls, and poultry feeding. Work very^ similar to that reported on in these publications is being carried on by the diflferent departments of the station. The 'department of entomolog}^ is giv- ing special attention to the scale insects, aphides, and mosquitoes; the department of chemistry to digestion experiments and other nutri- tion work with poultry, and the department of veterinar}' science and bacteriology^ to poultry diseases. The work at the substations has been continued as heretofore, but the Pomona substation is to be closed at once, and the one at Tulare as soon as some of the alkali studies are completed. The station and college are better provided than formerly with State funds for improvements and for special investigations. The last legislature appropriated $150,000 for the purchase and equip- ment of a farm, $30,000 for a pathological laboratory in southern California for the study of plant diseases, $20,000 for investigation of pear blight, walnut blight, and viticulture; $10,000 for the im- provement of cereals; $12,000 for farmers' institutes; $4,000 for the poultry station, and $17,000 for printing. There were also appro- priations to the university amounting to $22,075 for the restoration of the Santa Monica Forestry Station and forest fire protection. The director of the station has been given a year's leave of absence, and E. J. Wickson is acting director. Other changes with reference to the business and policy of the station are being made. The changes in station management and policy it is believed will result in greater efficiency. The work of the station continues to be handicapped by a lack of adequate quarters and facilities for field work. The legislature, while quite generous to the college and sta- tion, still continues its policy of specific appropriations, which are often secured through the intervention of special interests, usually COLORADO. 53 of a local character. The problem of the purchase of a station farm has resulted in an ag-itation that is not favorable to the institution as now constituted, and until a decision is made the affairs of the sta- tion will continue in a disturbed condition. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the California Station durin«r the past year were as follows: Chemistry — foods, condimental feeds, feedino^ stuffs, fertilizers, fruits, and insecticides; physics, chemistry, and jj^eographical distribution of soils; bacteriology; fer- tilizer control; field crops; horticulture, including date culture, viti- culture, and zymology; sylviculture; botany; meteorology; animal husbandry; entomology — scale insects, aphides, grasshoppers, and other insects injurious to crops; dairying; irrigation and drainage; reclamation of alkali lands; plant and animal patholog^^; nutrition investigations, and poultry experiments. INCOME. The income of the otation during the past fiscal year Avasas follows: T'uited states appropriation $15,000 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station receiA'^d during the past fiscal year were Bulletins ir)7-lf)5 and the Annual Report for 1004, The bulle- tins are on the following •subjects: Commercial fertilizers; Califor- nia olive oil, its numufacture; contribution to the study of fermenta- tion; the hop aphis: tuberculosis in fowls; commercial fertilizers; pear scab; poultry feeding and proprietary feeds, and asj)aragus and asparagus rust in California. Several circulars on asparagus-rust investigation and silk culture were also issued. COLOIIADO. Agricultural Experiment Station, Furl fhllinK. DepurtiiK'Ut of the State Agricultural Collogo of Colorado. L. G. Cabpentkk. M. S.. Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. Irrigation, horticulture, chemistry, entomology, and animal breed- ing and feeding continue to receive attention at the Colorado Station. During the past year publications have been issued giving the results 54 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. of some of the irrig^ation investigations, a study of the Itlaho cricket, the rchition of the honeybees to \hk\v hlijiht. and a nuniher of other lines of work. An a04, commercial feeding stuffs, the prepara- tion of tobacco seed, a new and valuable cover crop for tobacco fields, the selection of tobacco seed plants, and the chief injurious scale in- sects of Connecticut. Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, Storrs." Department of tbo Connecticut Agricultuial College. L. A. Clinton, M. R.. Director. GENERAL OUTIADOK. The most important work recently undertaken at the Connecticut Storrs Station is that in cooperation with the Bureau of Animal In- dustry of this Department in soft-cheese making and in raising milch goats. A herd of 65 Maltese goats has been imported for the latter experiment. The poultry investigations of the station continue to be important and have attracted considerable attention among the farm- ers of the State. The dairy work consists of bacteriological investi- gations and practical Avork in the examination of stable conditions and milk w^ith reference to sanitation. A remarkable variation in the bacterial content of different samples of milk has been revealed and the use of a covered pail at milking time has been found very desirable. Considerable valuable data have been secured in this con- nection and will be published in the near future. The investigations at Middletown on the food and nutrition of man have been continued as heretofore in cooperation with this Office, and have been aided by a special appropriation from the State. The college with which the station is connected has an appropria- tion of $(')0,000 for the erection of a new dormitory. This is greatly needed, since the institution has for some time been unable to accom- modate all applicants for admission. For a number of years the college has conducted summer schools for teachers in which nature- study work has been made prominent. This station has of late made considerable progress in extending and strengthening its work. It has also come into closer touch with the farmers. It is now in a position to make good use of additional funds in the more thorough and complete investigation of problems of great importance to the agriculture of tlie State. a Telegraph addres-s, Storrs, via Willimantic; railroad station, express, and freight address, Eaylcville. 58 KEPOltT OF OFFICE OF KXPHKIMENT STATIONS. LINES OF WORK. The principal linos of work conducted ai ihr Connecticut Storrs Station durinlood. In the greenhouse an experiment is being nuide in starting cotton in paper pots, the plants to be set out in the field later. The object is to see if a month or so can be gained in the season and an increased jneld secured. This in view of the threatened boll-weevil invasion, and the better yield claimed from the longer season seems important. In the dairy com- parisons are being made of highly nitrogenous feeds, and experi- ments made with cotton-seed meal to find the cause of the ill effects of the latter. Among the investigations recently undertaken are i^lant breeding with corn, cotton, and oats; a general inquiry into the efficacy of commercial "" nitrocultures " and into the i^ower of the specific nitro- bacterium of the cowpea to inoculate other legumes, and investiga- tions in the life histor}^ of the cattle tick in cooperation with the Bureau of Entomology of this Department. The station is also co- operating with the Bureau of Plant Industry in diversification farm ^\ork and is carrying out its own work on such a scale as to show the practical application of the results. The title of the dairy de- partment of the station has been changed to that of department of animal industry, and the work of the dei^artment will be extended to include experiments in feeding steers. There is opportunity for developing work in a number of other lines if funds could be secured for that purpose. « Telegraph, freight, and express address. Griffin. HAWATT. 63 LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conductod at the floorgia Station diirino- the jiast year were as follows: Field experiments — cultural and fertilizer tests; plant breeding — corn, cotton, and oats; horti- culture — orchard and small fruits, celery, cantaloupes, and forcing vegetables; entomology; feeding experiments — soiling croi)s, con- centrates, and various other feeds for dairy cattle and pigs, and dairving. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation .$1.5,000.00 State appropriation 037.87 Karni products 1, 73."). 2(1 Balance from previous year 2,857.62 Total 20,230.75 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund iuis Ix'en rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The i)ul)lications of this station received during the past fiscal year wore bulletins 64-67 and the Annual Report for 11)04. The bul- letins are on cattle ticks and Texas fever, corn culture, cotton culture, and the plum in Georgia. HAWAII. Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, TTounlulu. Under the sui)ervision of A. (_'. True. Director, Ollice of Ex|terliiient Stations, United States Department of Agriculture. Jakeu G. SMrrn, B. S., M. .\.. Special Agent in Charge. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The work of the Hawaii Station during the past year has not changed materially. The station is devoting its efforts to the intro- duction of new agricultural industries to supplement the sugar industry, which now dominates the agriculture of the Lslands. Spe- cial eft'orts liave been nuide to introduce more and better forage crop.s ft)r the stock ranges, and very marked success has followed many of the introductions. The horticulturist has established nurseries for citrus fruits, alligator pears, mangoes, and iiaiumas, aiul is studying some of the prol)lcms of proi)agation. Upon the lower portion of the station grounds the horticulturist has collected about 50 varieties of bananas and is carrying on some fertilizer tests with them. lie 64 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. is also tostin^ varieties of sorghum juid Kafir corn, fi))er plants, green nuiniire crops, cotton, papayas, and vegetables. Two tracts, at the uj)per part of the station grounds, are planted to numerous tropical and Temperate Zone crops, special attention being given to garden vegetables and tropical fruits. The possibility of vegetable growing at this elevation has been demonstrated, and splendid trees of alligator pears, mangoes, papayas, coffee, etc., are growing there. The entomologist has carried on some work with silkworms and bees, and it seems probable that the culture of these important insects will be feasible and profitable in parts of the Hawaiian Islands. He con- tinues to act in an advisory capacity to the committee of the board of health having in charge the mosquito problem. The chemist has been making a study of Hawaiian-grown fodders and feeding stuffs, and is continuing his soil studies with special reference to pyridin compounds. He is also studying nitrification, soil acidity, methods of applying fertilizers to prevent loss, and is giving some attention to dietary studies. During the year experiments were carried on by the station at Hamakua, on the island of Hawaii, in growing tobacco. A suitable tract of land was secured, a number of varieties of tobacco were seeded, and the first systematic attempt was made to grow tobacco in a scientific way. The success attained with some types has led to the repetition of the experiment this year on a wider scale, and as the successes obtained last yenv were repeated, a new industry is added to Hawaii's agriculture. The cooperative experiments at Hilo with bananas from Central America and with cacao are flourishing. The number of banana plants has been considerably extended by propaga- tion, and there are now about 500 plants under observation. It should be possible soon to make a small trial shipment of some of these fruits to compare them with those now marketed. The Hawaii Station has about passed through its pioneer period and its work is beginning to be considered as of practical value. The station, as a source of information on general agriculture, is growing in importance, as appears from its correspondence. The success with forage crops and tobacco has been so marked that new possibilities in the agriculture of Hawaii are shown. The former local opposition to the station's policy seems to be giving way, and its influence in developing diversified agriculture is being recognized by fair-minded people. Its sphere of influence could be rapidly ex- tended were more funds available. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Hawaii Station dur- ing the past. year were as follows: Field experiments — varieties of cotton, tobacco, hemp, sorghum, potatoes, taro, cultural experiments, HAWAII. 05 and grasses and forage crops; horticulture^xperiments with bananas, citrus fruits, alligator pears, and mangoes, and growing of grape cuttings; diseases of plants and animals — fusarium diseases of potatoes, taro rot; diseases of poultry; entomology — study of injuri- ous insects and means for their repression. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as fol- lows : United States appropriation .$15,000.00 Insular appropriation 7, 2.3(5. 00 Farm products 1, 153. 70 Total 2;}, 3S9. 70 PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletin 7, on the banana in Hawaii, and Bulletin 8, on methods of milking. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Experiment Station, Honolulu. C. F. EcKEBT, Director of Division of Agriculture and Chemistry. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Station has continued its former lines of work in chemistry, entomolog}', soils, fertilizers, irrigation, and field plats with reference to sugar production, and has added a division of pathology and physiolog}'. This division is under the directorship of X. A. Cobb, late pathologist for the department of agriculture of New South Wales, who is assisted by L. Lewton- Brain and E. M. Grosse. W. E. Chambers has been appointed illus- trator of experiment station publications. The division of agriculture and chemistry has been very successful during the past year in propagating new varieties of cane from seed, the object of this work being to secure varieties rich in sugar and resistant to diseases. The division of entomology has made a special effort to check the ravages of the cane leaf hopper, which has become a serious menace to the sugar industry of Hawaii, and is much en- couraged by the successful introduction of insect enemies of the pest from Australia. The division of pathology and physiology has erected and equipped a laboratory building and is now in a position to study the fungus and bacteriological diseases of sugar cane. LINES OF WORK. The lines of work of the Hawaiian Su. ."JO Fees 18,040. :M) Farm products 5, 282. 55 MiscclIaiHH)us 'S'2. 22 Total 52,041.07 A roport of the rocoipts and oxponditnres for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Dei)artnieiit and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 113-116, on the following subjects: Protein content of the Avheat kernel, insects injurious to cabbage, wheat, and an injury to fruits by insects and birds, the apple-tree measuring woriy, the Fall Beauty — a new apple. LOUISIANA. No. 1. Sugar Experiment Station, Audubon Park, ^eio Orleans. No. 2. State Experiment Station, Baton Rouge. No. 3. North Louisiana Experiment Station, Calhoun. Department of Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College. W. R. DoDSON, A. B., B. S., Director, Baton Rouge. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The Louisiana stations are bringing to a close their investigations extending over a number of years on the changes in cane juice and its products in the process of manufacture. The results will throw considerable light upon the best methods of handling the juice; the influence of inaccuracy in the addition of clarifying agents; the influence of the clarifying agent on the sugar, molasses, granulation, etc., and of clarifying methods at dift'erent stages of maturity of the cane. Studies of the chemistry and physiology of the cane plant during all stages of growth are nearing completion. The rotation experiments, extending over sixteen years, have been closed with results of considerable value. The rotation which included cotton, corn and cowpeas, oats, cowpeas, and cotton gave results indicating that depleted soil can be fully restored without the addition of any commercial fertilizers except phosphoric acid. It has also shown that the crop of oats and cow peas was the most valuable crop in the LOUISIANA. 79 system of rotation, and the next in value was cotton. The result of the stations' Avork showing that the ill effects of feeding rice bran were due to oil in the bran, led to the establishment of a factory for making an extracted bran and molasses feed. The work which the stations have done on molasses as a feeding stuff has resulted in a great saving of the feed bills on plantations. In one case the cost IDer mule per day Avas reduced from 11) to 13 cents by formulas sug- gested bj'^ the stations. Alfalfa is being quite generally introduced into the State as a result of investigations by the stations. During the year fifty new varieties of sugar cane have been im- ported for trial. Some feeding experiments are being conducted Avith steers and with calves brought from Texas; also experiments in swine production and in truck growing, all for the purpose of encouraging diversified agriculture in the State. The stations are cooperating Avith the Bureau of Plant Industry of this Department in the fall planting of alfalfa and other legumes and in testing forage plants and several A^arieties of citrus fruits. The fertilizer laboratory has been moved from Ncav Orleans to Baton Rouge, Avhere an addi- tion to the station building has been constructed to accommodate the fertilizer Avork. At Calhoun an office and library building, costing about $2,000, has been completed, and also a residence for the assistant director, costing about $2,500. The work of the Louisiana stations is being reorganized to some extent, so as to concentrate the administratiA'e and inspection func- tions at Baton Rouge, and to strengthen the investigation at that point in several lines. In place of some of the more practical phases at the North Louisiana Station, Avhich have accomplished their mis- sion, it is planned to take up more technical questions in a number of lines. Great as has been the A^alue of these stations, there seems op- portunity to develop the iuA-estigations in seA^eral lines, and thus extend the field of usefulness. The management is efficient and economical, and the outlook for the future is most encouraging. LINES OF AA'ORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Louisiana stations during the past year A\-ere as follows: Sugar Station. — Chemistry; bacteriology; soils and soil phys- ics; field experiments — tests of fodder plants and varieties of cane; horticulture — tests of home-groAvn i\ northern-grown seeds; sugar making: drainage, and irrigation. State Station. — -Geology: botany; bacteriology; soils; inspec- tion of fertilizers and Paiis given; field exi)eriments — forage (■roi)s, legumes, rotations, varieties of cotton and sugar cane; horticuUure; animal husl)andr3^ — breeding and feeding for beef production; dis- eases of animals — inoculation for Texas fever, study of the nodular 80 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. diseases of the intestines of sheep, anthrax, ^hinders, etc., and ento- nu)h)«2:y. Northern Station. — Chemistry; soils; fertilizers; field experi- ments; horticulture; feeding experiments; stock raising, and dairy- ing. INCOME. The income of the stations during the past fiscal year was as fol- lows : United States appropriation $15,000.00 State appropriation 1.5,000.00 Fees G, 000. (X) Farm products 2, 2.'}.'{. 12 . Miscellaneous, including balance from previous year 18, .'559. 42 Total 51, 592. 54 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The only publication of these stations received during the past fiscal year was Bulletin 77 on rice. This is a revision of Bulletin 61 of the station, including additional information obtained in recent experiments, especially pertaining to the feeding value of the by- products of rice mills. The principal subjects discussed in this bul- letin are history, preparation of soil, planting, flooding, harvesting, noxious weeds in the rice fields, feeding rice bran and rice polish, and determination of digestible nutrients. MAINE. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Orono. Department of University of Maine. C. D. Woods, Sc. D., Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The most extensive experiments of the Maine Station and those which are attracting more attention than any of its other investiga- tions are the experiments with poultry, a part of which are carried out in cooperation Avith the Bureau of Animal Industry of this De- partment. Some of the problems now under investigation are the amount of floor space each fowl should have ; rations for Qgg produc- tion and meat production, growing chicks, etc., and breeding for ^gg production. In an investigation on the time required to establish fertility in eggs, one Qgg laid twenty-seven hours and another thirty hours after the male bird was put into a pen with females yielded MAINE. 81 good chicks, and 10 chicks were obtained from 21 eggs laid on the third day after the males were put in the breeding pens. It was also found that hens will continue to yield fertile eggs for seventeen days after separation from the male. The horticultural work of the station is being continued as out- lined in previous reports. Some of the blueberry seedlings are noAv fruiting, and seed from the best individual plants has been ])lanted. Orchard investigations are being conducted largely in a cooperative way at Manchester, New Gloucester, and other places. The horti- culturist is also testing varieties of vegetables for the Bureau of Plant Industry of this Department. The station has also done some work with alfalfa and in testing cultures of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry; in determining the effect of climate on sweet corn in cooperation with the Bureau of Chemistry, and is continuing its cooperation Avith this Office in nutri- tion investigations. There is no field work in agriculture at Orono, work of this nature being conducted in a cooperative way in Aroos- took County, at Holton and other places in the State. The work in Aroostook County is with potatoes, and includes spraying, fertilizer experiments, and breeding to secure blight-resistant strains. The inspection work of the station has been added to by the requirements of a pure-food law, which puts the execution of all work, except that upon dairy products, in the hands of the station officials. The station work is develoi)ing somewhat and the demands on it are increasing. Its correspondence grows and its demonstration work about the State is meeting with a good deal of success. For example, five years ago there were only two men in Aroostook County who sprayed their potatoes. Last year eighteen carloads of 20 tons each Qf copper sulphate were sold in that county for spraying pota- toes. The credit for this undoubtedly belongs to the station. The station is in need of additional funds from the State in order that its work may bo extendefl in a number of lines. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Maine Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — study of feeding stuffs and various fertilizers and miscellaneous analytical work; botany; inspection of fertilizers, foods, concentrated commercial feeding stuffs, seeds, and creamery glassware; horticulture — experiments in the selection, propagation, and improvement of blueberries, orchard experiments, and study of hardy fruits and vegetables; diseases of plants — fungus diseases of potatoes and other plants: food and nutri- tion of man and animals; poultry investigations — breeding, feeding, and housing experiments; diseases of animals; entomology; and dairying. II. Doc. 924, 59-1 6 82 REPORT OK OFFK'K OF KXPKUIMENT STATIONS. INCOME, "^riic iiK'omo of the station a. Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, AiJilicrst. Department of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. W. P. Brooks, Ph. D., Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. Most of the work of the Massachusetts Station has been noted in previous reports. In the department of agrononi}^ the field and pot experiments have been continued. Soil and seed inoculation experi- ments with legumes were tried in both pots and field with results indicating that soil inoculation was more satisfactory. The ferti- lizer experiments with asparagus, which are now in their third year, are of considerable importance to asparagus growers, owing to the fact that the production of this crop involves the use of large amounts of fertilizer. In the department of foods and feeding stuffs there has been a continuation of experiments with dairy cows, sheep, hor.ses, forage crops, and investigations of chemical problems connected with animal nutrition and dairying. The inspection work of this and other departments has been continued as heretofore. The botanical division has continued its work on electricity in relation to plant growth, and has undertaken studies of the relative efficiency of sun- z' MASSACHUSETTS. 85 shine at different hours and seasons. Diseases of tomatoes, asters, and other phints are hcincjf studied. The horticukurist has continued the work outlined hist year, and the entonioh)<^ist also is following out investigations started some time ago. One important feature of his work is the study of broods of codling moths. lie is also doing some advisor}' work for the State gypsy moth commission. The facilities of the station have been improved in a number of ways and will be further improved through appropriations made by the last legislature to the college. These appropriations amount lO $4:2.700, of which $39,500 is being used in the construction of a hor- ticultural building and $3,200 for additions to the entomological laboratories. The college barn, erected in 1893, was totally destroyed by fire recentlv. together with much of its contents. Dr. Henry H. Goodell, president of the college and director of the station, and connected Avith both institutions since their organization, died Ajn'il 23 on board ship en route from Savannah to Boston. Prof. AVilliam P. Brooks, agriculturist of the college and station, has since acted as president and director. Recently Kenyon L. Butterfield, president of the Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, has been elected president of the college. The work of the Massachusetts Station has steadily progi-essed during the past year and continues to be on a high plane of scientific and practical usefulness. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Massachusetts Sta- tion during the past year were as follows: Chemistry; meteorology; analysis and inspection of fertilizers and concentrated commercial feeding stuffs; inspection of creamery glassware and nurseries; field experiments — soil inoculation, plat experiments with fertilizers, grasses and various farm crops, supplemented by similar pot ex]ieri- ments; horticulture — propagation of i)lants, pruning, systematic po- mologv; study of the effect of electricity and illuminatinir jxas on plants and trees; diseases of plants, especially those of melons, cucumbers, and lettuce; digestion and feeding experiments; diseases of animals; entomology — study of the life history of economic insects and the use of insecticides; and dairying. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States apijropriatiou $15; 000. 00 State appropriation 1.'?, 02.". (»0 Fees 4, :iG5. 00 Farm products : 1,512.9.') Miscellaneous 3,403.70 Total 37,9GG. G5 86 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. A report of the receipts and oxpeiulitures for the United States fund has been rendered in :u(t)r(hince with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 1)7-102, Technical Bulletin 2, Meteorological Bulletins 18G-197, and the Annual Reports for 1903 and 1904. Bulletins 100 and 102 are concerned with the analyses of fertilizers and Bulletins 98 and 101 with concentrated feeds. The other two bulletins are on a farm wood lot, dried molasses-beet pulp, and the nutrition of horses. The technical bulletin treats of the graft union. MICHIGAN. Experiment Station of Michigan State Agricultural College, Agricultural CoUege.a Department of Michigan State Agricultural College. C. D. Smith, M. S., Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The work of the Michigan Station during the past fiscal year has not differed materially from that outlined in the last report of this Office. In animal husbandry some new experiments have been started, notably in raising calves from cows of the beef type, to compare economy of production with (1) calves fed skim milk v. calves run- ning with the dams and (2) calves from pure-bred sires i\ calves from scrub sires. Experiments with grade dairy cows have been resumed. A new feeding experiment has for its purpose the securing of data concerning the economy of feeding whole grain as compared with ground feed when the cost of grinding is taken into account. There is considerable other work in feeding, including a study of economical rations for wintering horses not at w^ork. The work in agronomy is extensive, and includes many experi- ments with legumes, breeding wheat, study of the influence of differ- ent soils on the quality of w^heat, and studies of the effect of nitro- cultures on alfalfa and soy beans in cooperation with the bacteriolo- gist. Some of the varieties of wheat developed at the station are now being distributed. In cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry of this Department the station is testing varieties of corn, alfalfa seed from different sources, and varieties of soy beans, and growing sugar-beet seed and flax. The field work at the Upper Peninsula substation has been continued wdth State funds, and $9,000 has been appropriated for buildings there. a Freight and express address, Lansing. MICHIGAN. 87 The horticultural work of the station is now divided between Pro- fessor Taft. who has charge of the work at Soutli Haven, and Pro- fessor Fletcher, who has charge of the work at the college. The work in progress and that planned includes studies of pollination, renovation of old orchards, the commercial production and the dis- eases of lettuce, breeding experiments with potatoes with reference to starch content and blight resistance, selection of tomatoes for rot resistance, cold storage of apples and pears, fall spraying for San Jose scale, and the fall planting of hardy garden seeds. The bacteriologist is studying the action" of soil bacteria in ren- dering soil materials available for plants, and is also investigating the nodules of legumes, the use of cultures of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and bacterial diseases of plants. The chemist is cooperating with other departments, and is studying in water cultures the hostility of crops to succeeding crops in a rotation. The entomologist is pre- paring a bulletin on insects affecting vegetables, which will embody original studies of a number of insects and methods of treatment. He is now studying greenhouse insects. The last legislature dealt liberally with the college and station. It removed the limitation to the amount which the college might re- ceive under the one-tenth mill tax, thus increasing the annual income from the State from $100,000 to $157,000. An appropriation of $55,000 was made to replace Wells Hall, which was destroyed by fire during the winter, $'20,000 was appropriated for the purchase of live stock and the maintenance of experiments in animal husbandry, including at least $2,000 for poultry, and $10,000 for the removal of barns to a new location. The experimental work of the station has been increased, the organization has been improved, and the outlook for the future work of the station is promising. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Michigan Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry; analysis and con- trol of fertilizers and feeding stuffs; bacteriology — study of milk supply and the bacteria of the dairy, bacteria of soils and legmnes; field experiments — fertilizer, cultural and variety tests with sugar beets and many other field crops, production of sugar-beet seed, rotation, experiments with cowpeas, soy beans, and other legumes, breeding and selection of wheat; horticulture — variety tests, orchard management, breeding and selection of potatoes and tomatoes, and cold storage; diseases of plants — fungus diseases of the sugar beet, clover, vegetables, and fruits; feeding experiments — utilization of cowpeas, soy beans, and other legumes, comparison of corn silage with dried corn fodder, and with beet pulp, feeding swine, calves, and dairy cows; diseases of animals; entomology; and stable hygiene. 88 REPOKT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation .$!;"), (KK). 00 State appropriation for substations 3,500.00 Fees 2,480.00 Farm produrts 1, 718. .'51 MiscellantH)us. including balance from previous j'ear 5, 021. 98 Total 27, 720. 49 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has lieen rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Dei^artment and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 213-224, Special Bulletins 26-31, and the Annual Re- port for 1004. The bulletins were on the following subjects: Small fruits for 1904 ; tomatoes and potatoes ; experiments with sugar beets in 1903; insect enemies of fruits in Michigan, fungus diseases of fruits in Michigan, spraying calendar; fertilizer analyses; some es- sential soil changes produced by micro-organisms; soil moisture — its importance and management; dried beet pulp and dried molasses- beet pulp for fattening sheep; the care and handling of milk; the codling moth in Michigan; equipment for breeding, feeding, care, and management of swine, preliminary report on forage crops for swine; observations on the influence of nodules on the roots upon the composition of soy beans and cowpeas. The special bulletins were a spraying calendar, report of the South Haven substation for 1903, report of the Upi:)er Peninsula substation for the year 1903, addi- tional work upon the associative action of bacteria in the souring of milk and in other milk fermentations, report of South Haven sub- station for 1904, and report of Upper Peninsula substation for 1904. MINNESOTA. Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Minnesota, St. Anthony Park, St. Paul Department of the University of Minnesota. W. M. Liggett, Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The rotation experiments inaugurated in 1894 by the Minnesota Station to determine the influence of crop rotation upon the fertility of the soil and the yield of crops, have been carried through the first period of twelve years, and the results are being prepared for publi- MINNESOTA. 89 cation. These results show the extent to which the decline of crop yields can be jjrevented by the judicious rotation of crops, the use of farm manures, and the production of leguminous crops. There has been notable development in work in animal husbandry along the line of individual feeding of cattle, sheep, and swine to compare individ- ual and breeding variations and to determine the food requirements of animals from birth to maturity. Investigations on the protein re- quirements for milk production have been carried on for a number of years and show the extent to which rations must vary to meet the re- quirements for the production of ditferent amounts of milk. These experiments have shown that excessive amounts of protein are fre- quently fed to cows, unnecessarily increasing the expense of the rations, and that farm grains are practically as valuable for milk pro- duction as many mill products. In the nutrition investigations in cooperation with this Office the work on the comparative digestibility and food value of the three standard types of flour — graham, whole-wheat, and straight-grade flour — has been brought to a close, and the results have shown that while sfraham and entire wheat contain more nutritive materials than straight-grade flour they are less digestible, so that the body actually receives less nutritive material from these grades of flour than from the standard grade of white flour. The station is also cooperating with the Bureau of Plant Industry in plant breeding and tests of varieties of vegetables and clover seed and with the Bureau of Sta- tistics in studies of farm statistics. Experiments have been undertaken recently to determine the in- fluence of various fertilizers upon the crop-producing power of the different soil types of the State. The last session of the legislature gave special appropriations for investigations in soils, live stock, and plant breeding. This work will be carried on both at the exi^eriment station and in different parts of the State in cooperation with farmers, numy of the present lines of investigation being extended. Investi- gations in forestry have been inaugurated to determine the rate of new growth of forest trees and the importance and value of refor- esting the old stumpage. The work of the station covers a wide range and has yielded valua- ble results in all lines. This is evidenced loy the liberal appropria- tions which have been made for station purposes. The legislature recently adjourned made appropriations amounting in the aggregate to al)out $10(),()()0 for the agricultural department of the university, exclusive of the substations. For the substation at Crookston $8,000 a year was provided for maintenance, besides $4,000 for drainage, $5,000 for house and farm buildings, and $15,000 for a building for the Crookston School of Agriculture. For the substation at Grand Rapids $4,000 a year was appropriated for maintenance and $2,000 90 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. for a dairy biiildiiifr and other minor farm equipment. The financial management of the institution has also been put on a Ix'tter basis oy the abolishment of the State board of control system inaugurated a few years ago. In its investigations in coo])ei'ation uith this dei)urt- ment on the cost of growing crops and on farm management this station is a leader in the scientific, systematic study of the important problems of farm economics now pressing for solution. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Minnesota Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry of soils and farm crops; fertilizers; field experiments — rotations, tests of varieties of cereals and forage crops, time and depth of seeding grains and amount of seed, methods of seeding grasses; horticulture — tests of varieties of fruits and vegetables, use of wind-breaks, testing hardy stocks for apple trees, improvement of native fruits; forestry; dis- eases of plants; food and nutrition of man; plant and animal breed- ing; feeding experiments; diseases of animals; entomology; dairying; farm management, and farm statistics. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation .$1.5,000.00 State appropriation, including substations 38,749.90 Farm products, including substations 8,138.50 Total 61, 888. 40 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 87-91, and the Annual Report for 1903. The bul- letins are on the following subjects : Potatoes at university' farm ; injurious insects of 1904; soil investigations; heavy and light weight grains, starchy and glutenous grains, light and dark colored flaxseed, rusted wheat, and milling tests of wheat; and poultry culture in Minnesota. MISSISSIPPI. 91 MISSISSIPPI. Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, AfiricuUural CoUege.le work. Silage has been found cheaper and better than cotton-seed hulls. The station has been the pioneer in silo building in that section, and its work has led the farmers to take it up, especially for dairy work. In an experiment in grazing hogs on cowpeas last fall 483 pounds of pork was made to the acre of peas, without corn or any other feed. Alfalfa was tried, but not found so good. Experiments with cul- tures of nitrogen-fixing bacteria from this Deijartment gave excel- lent results. The poultry Avork now includes feeding for ogg and meat production with 10 breeds of chickens. The horticulturist secured from the orchard last year the largest profit since it was planted, the shippers' net returns from the acres being nearly $1,800. The agronomy work of the station is now better defined than formerly and includes breeding work with corn and cotton. The other investigations have been continued as for- merly. The college has built several new barns, some of which give the station better facilities. These include a $7,000 dairy barn, a $4,000 l>arn for beef cattle, and new barns for work animals and for imple- ments. Work has been started on a new dairy building to cost about $10,000. Considerable interest in teaching agriculture in the rural schools is being taken by the college authorities. The professor of agriculture is devoting much time to this work. A sunmier school for teachers was held at the college in June and July with an enroll- ment of over 200 teachers, many of whom took courses in agricul- ture, horticulture, nature study, and school gardening. Work has progressed at the three substations supported by State o Telegraph address, fitarkviUc; express and post-office address, Agricultural College; freight address, .1. and M. College Station. 9'2 REPORT OK OFFICE OF KXl'KRIMENT STATIONS. funds At McXcill llic -Naru'ty aiul fcitili/or tosts with farm, fjardcn, and orchard crops have been continued. At Ilolly Sprinjj^s ])ro<;ress was niacU' in rechnniin. S. A., Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The IMissouri Station has recentlv undertaken a systematic survey of the soils of the State to determine the present productive capacity of each type of soil, the best system of management, and the special or new crops desirable for each type. In addition to the conventional visitation and analysis of each type, cooperative experiments to ex- tend over several years will be started with one or more farmers in each region. In the southern part of the State, for examj^le, special attention will be j)aid to the adaptability of the land to fruit and grazing jourposes, and an effort will be made to reforest those areas which are too rough and poor to produce either grass or fruit. The legislature has ajjpropriated $3,000 to start this work. The other work of the station has proceeded along well-established lines. The field work is growing; the experiments in feeding for beef have been continued in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant In- dustry of this Department, and include extensive experiments on the finishing of cattle on grass; the breeding experiments with rab- bits are yielding some interesting results, and the work of the horti- culturist to determine the relation of color to the effect of temperature on peach twigs has developed to the point where an attempt is being made to breed out the purple color of the buds and twigs which makes them more susceptible to cold. Agricultural instruction is gaining ground in the university and in the State. In spite of raising the entrance requirements to the regular university standard, the freshman class last year was about 75 per cent larger than usual, and this year the largest class in agri- 94 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. ciillurc ill lilt' history of tho university was graduated. A year of iigi'ic'ulture in the high schools will now be accepted as part credit for entrance to the university. This, it is thought, will stimulate the ])utting of agriculture into the high schools, as credit can now be given for it. The last legislature ajipropriated $55,000 for the col- lege of agriculture and the experiment station for the biennial period. Of this amount $15,000 is for the experiment station, $3,000 for inaugurating a soil survey, $5,000 for a cattle barn, $2,000 for a swine barn, and $5,000 for a laboratory building for farm machinery. The station is doing a large amount of excellent work in all lines. Assistants have now been provided in all departments so that the men need do only a small amount of teaching. The station stands in very close relation to the farmers and has good support, as is shown by its appropriation which Avas reduced only a few hundred dollars below the estimates, whereas appropriations for all other de- partments of the university were cut down materially. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted by the Missouri Station dur- ing the past year were as follows: Chemistry — inspection of fertil- izers, study of food adulterants and fungicides; soil survey; botany; field experiments — cereal and forage crops, fertilizers, rotations, ren- ovating worn-out soils; horticulture — experiments with apples, plums, grapes, peaches, pears, small fruits and nuts, breeding ex- periments with fruits, diseases of apples; animal breeding; feeding experiments with beef cattle, sheep, and swine; diseases of animals; entomology — study of ticks on cattle, parasites of sheep, insects af- fecting fruits ; and dairying. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows : United States appropriation $15,000.00 State appropriation 3, 000. 00 Fees 4,948.87 Farm products 5, 073. 14 Balance from previous year 110.86 Total 28. 132. 87 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletin 64, on the " sting " in the apple, and Bulletin 65, on MONTANA. 95 grain rations for dry-lot hog feeding, and Circulars of Information 17-19, on the planting and care of shade trees, the farmers' creamery in Missouri, and suggestions for Missouri corn growers. Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station, Mountain Grove. Paul Evans, Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The work of the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station has been continued as heretofore, attention being given to the development of the fruit interests in the southern part of the State, studies of the conditions favorable or unfavorable to the development of the fruit industry, and the investigation of diseases and insect pests of fruit. LINES OF AVORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station during the past year were as follows: Horticul- ture — experiments with fertilizers and cover crops for orchards; breeding experiments with apples, peaches, and strawberries; or- chard survey; tests of new land for orchard purposes; study of crown gall, bitter rot, root rot, and other diseases affecting fruits; experiments and studies of injurious insects; experiments with insecti- cides, and inspection of orchards and nurseries. INCOME. The station is supported entirely by State appropriations, the amount for the years 1905 and 190G being $34,700. Of this amount, $14,050 was expended during the year 1905. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletin 11, on peach rosette; Bulletin 12, on the peach industry in south Missouri, and the Biennial Report, 1903-4. MONTANA. Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Bozeman. Department of tbe Montana Collofro of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. F. li. Li.NKri:i.i). H. S. A., Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. For a year or more (he Montana Station has l)een in process of reorganization, involving several changes in the staff and tlie creation of some new positions. Greatly improved facilities for housing live- 96 REPoirr OF office of expekimfnt stations. stock have been provided with a State appropriation. 'J'ho lines of investig:ation have been simihir to those outlined in previous reports. The entoinoloi^ist of the station has continued his investipitions on the life liistory of grasshoppers, strawberry crown o;irdler, and sev- eral other insects. The strawberry crown jj^irdler has become very trouI)lesonie locally, and a bulletin •j^ivin*; suTicnltural mid liorticnltural operations will mako it possihlo to (l('\('lo|) those lines ol" investigation to an extent hitherto inipossihle. LINES OF \Vt)Klv. Tlie principal linos of ^\■^n•k conductod at tho Xow ^foxioo Station durin<2: tho i)ast year were as follows: Chemistry — chemical survey of the waters of the Territory, analytical work, and study of native fora'io plants (cacti) ; field experiments — alfalfa, grasses for lawns and pastures, cereals, soil renovators, and forage crops; soils; feed- ing experiments with dairj^ cows, steers, and sheep to test the value of various grains and forage crops for soiling and for dry feed; horticulture — culture, pruning, s})raying, and irrigation of orchard, vineyard, and small fruits, vegetable culture, tests of shrubs, flowers, and forest trees; botany — range problems; entomology; and irriga- tion — duty of w^ater, pumps and pumping, irrigation waters. INCOME. The income or tho station during the past fiscal year was as follows : United States appropriation $15,000.00 Farm products , 2, 038. 43 Miscellaneous 000.00 Total ■— 17, G38. 43 A report of the receij^ts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publication of this station received during the past fiscai year "were Bulletins 51-53 on native ornamental plants of New Mexico, onion culture, and pumping for irrigation. NEW YORK. New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva. W. H. Jordan, D. Sc, Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. Among the publications of the Xew York State Station during the past fiscal year mention should be made of bulletins on specific gravity as a factor in seed selection, the composition of commercial spraying NEW YORK. 107 soaps, the chemistry of cider vinegar, the proportion of animal food in the ration for ducklings, relations of casein and paracasein to bases and acids and their application to Cheddar cheese, sulphur washes for orchard treatment, proteids of butter in relation to mottled butter, winter injury to fruit trees, and the quality of commercial cultures for legumes. The station has also prei:)ared as a part of its annual rej>ort 'J'he Apples of New York, in '2 volumes, wliich will contain more than ;'>0() plates, half of which will be colored. Of work practi- cally completed, or on which definite progress has been made but not yet published, mention should be made of the successful eradication of tuberculosis from the station herd and replacing diseased animals by healthy calves raised from both diseased and healthy mothers, ex- periments relating to the use of coarse fodders for poultry, and to the sources of protein for poultry, a study of galactase in cheese ripening, studies on the influence of fertilizers on the quality of fruits, studies on potato blight, fall spraying with sulphur washes, and fertilizer experiments in orchards with wood ashes, and with different fertil- izers. But little strictly new work has been undertaken, but crops have been grown preparatory to a comparative feeding of steers on a ma:ion has also been arranged. A chemical building to cost $-15,000 is in process of construction. This building will contain offices and laboratories for station work, as well as for college purposes. A librar}' building is being con- structed with $15,000 donated by Mr. Andrew Carnegie. This is one of the few land-grant institutions to which gifts for this purpose have been made b}' Mr. Carnegie, the others being the University of Maine and State College of Pennsylvania. The food-inspection work of the chemist has been so favorably received that additional laws pro- viding for the inspection of formaldehyde, Paris green, and paints, and for tests of the milling qualities of different grades of wheat have been enacted, and the food-inspection law has been amended. The appropriation for this work is $9,000 for the biennial period. The last legislature also provided $10,000 for the establishment of a second substation at Dickinson, in the western and drier portion of the State, and continued the appropriation of $5,000 per annum for the substation at Edgeley. The college is taking part in a movement to introduce agricultural instruction in the i:)ublic schools and to train teachers in nature study and school-garden work. The past year at the station has been marked by decided progress in strengthening of force, developing of the work, and differentiation of college and station w-ork. It is to be hoped that the State will recognize the substantial benefits it derives from the station work and provide sufficient funds to put it on a firmer financial basis. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the North Dakota Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — mvestigation with soils and fertilizers, study of gluten content of selected wheats and of plant food in soils; Ijotany — studies of grasses and forage plants and no-xious and poisonous weeds, and seed control; field experi- ments — rotations, methods of culture, tests of hardv varieties of cere- als and forage plants, selection of seed, selection and improvement of })otatoe>, sugar beets, corn, clover, alfalfa, and other farm crops; plant breeding — cereals; horticulture — variety tests of native plums and other fruits and of vegetables, experiments with forest trees; analysis of foods and spraying materials; diseases of plants — flax wilt, rusts, smuts, etc.; animal husbandry — feeding experiments with horses, mules, sheep, and pigs, and tests of the comparative feeding value of brome grass and timothy; diseases of animals; dairying; and tests of farm machinery. lie KEPUliT OF OITICE OF EXrElUMliKT STATIONS. INCOME. The iiiconu' of (lio station iltiriiiase survey of the State. The other work of the botanist is mainly on the crossing of varieties of corn, wheat, and tobacco. The station's investigations on the treatment of barnyard manure and on the imj)()rtance of lime to clover and alfalfa are attracting much attention and are influencing the practice of many of the lead- ing farmers of the State. Many carloads of powdered phosphate rock and of lime are being iLsed over the State as the result of this work. The entomologist has continued spraying experiments for the San Jose scale and the codling moth. In the case of the codling moth the July spraying has been shown to be important. Observations have been made on ditl'erent varieties of wheat with reference to rela- tive innnunity from the Hessian fly and midge. There seems to be little difference as regards immunity from the Hessian fly, but for the midge, bearded varieties are less affected than smooth and late varieties than early. Examinations have been made to determine the time of egg laying of the Hessian fly and whether other plants feed the fly. The agronomic work of the station is being extended to include not only a continuation of varietal and cultural tests of cereals and forage crops, but also a line of investigations on the improvement of the quality of the cereal grains through seed breeding and selection. A stud}' of leguminous forage crops and corn is being conducted in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry. The experiments in cooperation with farmers, conducted under the supervision of the station experimentalist, are giving promise of great usefulness. A leading object of these experiments is to dis- cover, through their agency, a number of farmers in different sections of the State who, by conducting scientifically planned experiments on their own farms under the station's guidance, may become demon- .strators of improved methods in their respective neighborhoods. The Ohio Station is actively endeavoring to meet the growing demand for demonstration work in different localities, which here as in other States is tending to broaden materially the scope of the operations of the station. At the same time the officers of the station keenly realize the necessity for increasing the scientific thoroughness and accuracy of their original investigations, and are seeking to strengthen their work in this direction. This is a wise policy, and the State will do well to su])port the station liberally in carrying it out on a consistent and efficient plan. lis REPORT or OPFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. LINKS Ol' WOIMv. The ])riiu-ipiil lines of work coiuluctcd at tho Ohio Station (hiring the past year were as follows: Soils; field experiments — fertilizer and rotation experiments with corn, oats, wheat, })otatoes, tobacco, and leguminous crops, variety tests of cereals, and experiments .with cover crops; horticulture — growing vegetables under cheese cloth, forcing tomatoes, lettuce, cucumbers, and muskmelons, variety tests of vegetables and fruits, orchard management, and forestry; plant breeding and selection — corn and Avheat; diseases of plants — rhizoc- tonia in potatoes, onion smut, grape rot, diseases of ginseng and to- bacco, plant disease survey; feeding experiments with cattle, and entomology'. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows : United States appropriation $15,000.00 State appropriation, including balance from previous year 52, 470. 16 Fees 131. 75 Farm products 5,127.52 Miscellaneous, including balance from previous year 5, 375. 24 Total 78, 104. 67 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Dei^artment and has been approved. rUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 148, 150, 151, 154, 15G-161. The subjects of the bulle- tins were as follows: Peach diseases; Ohio soil studies; proceedings of the second annual reunion of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, the College of Agriculture of the Ohio State University, the farmers' institute lecturers of Ohio, and the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station; varieties of strawberries; tobacco diseases and tobacco breed- ing; winterkilling of peach trees; forestry investigations; the main- tenance of fertility, liming the soil; the codling moth; and experi- ments with fertilizers on tobacco. An. Rpt. Office of Expenmerit Stations, 1905. Plate VI. Fig. 1.— Oklahoma Station Lots for Steer-feeding Experiments. Fig. 2.— Black-hulled White Kafir Corn. Continuous Culture— Manured and Unmanured. OKLAHOMA. 119 OKLAHOMA. Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Infill water. Department uf Oklalioiim AKrieiiltural and Mecbauical College. John Fields, H. S., JUrcctor. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The difVorent departments of the Oklahoma Station have made substantial progress during the year. The bacteriologist and veteri- narian has fom})leted his bacteriological studies of drinking water for both man and beast, making a comparison of well water and that from ponds and windmill tanks. He has also been studying the artificial impr(\o:nation of mares, and the biology of the organisms of root tubercles on soy beans, alfalfa, and crimson clover. The agricul- turist is breeding up a small herd of native dairy cows, and conduct- ing feeding experiments wiih steers (PI. VI, fig. 1), using Kafir corn heads with cotton seed, and comparing ground with unground Kafir corn in connection with whole cotton seed. He is also continuing the field experiments with alfalfa and wheat for pasture, fertilizer experiments with Kafir corn (PL ^'I, fig. 2), rotations, etc. The horticulturist has continued the work outlined last year, and under- taken breeding experiments with currants to secure a strain that will endure the dry winds of Oklahoma, The chemist has been making a chemical study of Kafir corn, and has also carried out anah'tical work in connection with the feeding experiments and with the bacteriologist on the nitrogen-gathering bacteria. A fertilizer and feeding-stuff law was passed during the winter, providing that the analytical work should be done by the station at a stipulated amount for each sample, the execution of the law to be under the State board of agriculture. The latter also has charge of the nursery-inspection law which was recently passed, and will pay the station men for anj' services they may render. The Olvlahonui Station and College have partaken of the prosperity of the Territory and been dealt with generously. The api)ropriation for the college last j'ear was unusually large, including ^Ta.OOO for a building for the departments of agriculture and horticulture, and for administration; $15,000 for additional shops and recitation rooms for engineering; $2,500 for a gymnasium; $.s,000 for acquiring the rights of lessees on the section granted to the college by Congress, and an increase of $5,500 per annum in the maintenance fund. The popularity of the station is said to be responsible for a large share of this increase. The station is devoting itself to the leading agricultural pi-ol)hMns and the development of new liue^ of farming. It is being wisely and 120 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. ec'onoinioallv administored, and i(s outlook is very cncourairiiia:. It is iiiaUiii«5 a strong iiupiTssioii on the fanners and now has their cor- dial support and confidence. LINES OF WORK. Th(» principal lines of work conducted at Ili(> Oklahoma Station during the j)ast year were as follows: Chemistry; lield experiments — cereals, j)asture and forage crops, continuous cropping, rotation ex- periments, ])()tat',)es, improvement of Kafir corn, castor bean, and cotton; horticulture — orchanl and small fruits and vegetables, and breeding currants; forestry; diseases of plants; botany; bacteri- ology : animal husbandry — feeding experiments, breeding up dairy herd ; diseases of animals — blackleg, parasites, dips, and loco dis- eases; and entomology — Hessian fly, cotton boU-w'eevil, and melon louse. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation $15,000.00 State appropriation 1,421.65 Miscellaneous, inclding balance from previous year 2, 8.'{7. 98 Total li), 2,-)9. G3 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletin G4, on destroying insects and fungus diseases, and the Annual Report for 1904, which is a summary statement by the director of the work and expenditures of the station during the year, to which are added reprints of some of the press bulletins issued during the year. OREGON. Oregon Experiment Station, Corvallis. Department of Oregon State Agricultural College. James Withycombe, M. Agr., Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The Oregon Station has published the results of experiments with poultry under confinement, and of studies of the digestibility of vetch hay and corn silage. The other work of the station has been con- OREGON. 121 tinned with some additions. The investigations concerning the feasi- bility of soiling dairy cows have been in progress three years and have s-hown conclnsively that soiling is economical of land. As an average for the three years, 3.C acres in alfalfa, vetch, rye, and winter oats (different relative areas in different years) yielded nearly 95,000 ponnds of green forage, snHicient to maintain ten cows four months, A similar area in i)asture would hardly maintain four cows four montlis. For several years an effort has been made to find a good pasture grass, and out of about 100 varieties tested during the past ten years Festuca arnndinncea promises to be one of the best cattle pasture grasses for that section. Other efforts are being made to solve forage problems in Oregon, including cooperation between the agriculturist and the botanist in the attempt to domesticate the wild clovers and other economic wild plants. The chemist is aiding in this work by studying vetches for high protein content. This work is giving grati- fying results, and from present indications it would seem that a plant carrying at least 20 per cent of total protein can be secured. He is also developing a method of drying hops, Avhich consists of a new process of evaporation, so as to cure the jiroduct under lower temperatures, and thereby materially conserve the lui)ulin. This work bids fair to prove of exceptional value to a very important industry of this State. The dairyman is studying the value of paraffm in the curing of Cheddar cheese. The entomologist, in addition to numerous stiidies of insect pests of the field and orchard, is giving considerable atten- tion to plant diseases, including the watermelon wilt and onion rot, both of which are becoming troublesome in the State. The bac- teriologist has undertaken some new work in the retting of flax by the use of selected culture organisms, the retting of various weeds for fiber, and a study of the micro-organisms in manure at different stages of decomposition to ascertain the value of the ptomaines as plant food. The station is cooperating with this Office in irrigation investigations and with the Bureau of Plant Industry in testing varieties of potatoes for disease resistance. An adjustment of station funds has been effected which should nuike it i)ossibIe to extend some of the lines of station work. The wide adoption of the station's recommendations regarding forage crops, soiling, rotation. Iiop culture and curing, and the other fea- tures of agricultural practice shows an apprecnition of the work along these lines, and some of tiie results in lines of feeding, dairying, and canning vegetables and fruits are a])parently of great pi-actical im- portance. There seems to be a growmg sentiment on the part of llio l)eoj)l(> to con-ult with the station staff, as shown by the large c<»ire- ^jjondence and by the increased demand for station pultlications. l'J2 RlCroKT OF OFFICE OF EXPEKIMKNT STATIONS. LINES OK W((I{K. Tlie j)rinci])iil lines of work condiieUMl iit the v)r('.\l)i'i'imonts with tobacco, referee woik for the Association of (Xlicial A HKl'OHT OF Ol'FlCl': OF HXI'FUhM KNT STATIONS. joining tlio station, foniu'rly tlic a^roiKtuiic stutii)ii uiuUr SiJtinish niK\ has been tiinuHl ovtr to tlu' station for its use. Tlu' insular loj^islatMre at its last session passed a seed and plant inspection law and a fertilizer law. In the former the station is eharired with the inspection, while in the latter the station acts in an advisory capacity. The seed and plant inspection law is limited to the inspectit)n of coU'ee, cotton, antl citrus fruit trees, but on accmuit of the fact that many parasites occur on a larproi)riation $15,(KK).()0 State appropriatiun 1, 0(X). (X) Miscellaneous 3, 140. 73 Total 10,140.73 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications received from this station during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 83-91 and the Annual Report for 1904. The following are the subjects of the bulletins: Millet for fattening, swine, report of investigations at the Highmore Station for 1903, early garden peas, fattening range lambs, the western sand cherry, breeding hardy fruits, preliminary experiments with A'apor treat- ments for the prevention of the stinking smut of wheat, tankage and other by-products for pigs and shrunken wheat for swine, and cooperative tests in 1904 of peas, beans, sweet corn, and cabbage. TENNESSEE. Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, Knoxville. Department of the University of Tennessee. H. A. Morgan, B. S. A., Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The president of the University of Tennessee, the director of the station, the assistant agriculturist, and the assistant for plat work all resigned September 1, 1904, to accept similar positions elsewhere, and consequently much time was spent during the year in reorganiz- ing. The new president entered upon his duties September 1, 1904, but the office of director remained vacant until January 1, 1905. ISIeanwhile the president acted as director of the station. The Avork in agronomy has been put in charge of the chemist, who has an assistant to look after the details of the plat work. Xew work with field crops has been started to test varieties of corn, cereals, and other crops for this locality, and the fertilizers best adapted to them ; experiments in rotation of crops, with special reference to the use of fertilizers and stable manure under different conditions; experi- ments with green manuring for worn ux)lands and wdth phosphates TENNESSEE. 133 of various kinds, both with and without groen crops turned under; and cxperinu'iits to test the ett'ect of k'fjuniinous crops when grown with nonleguniinous crops. The location of phits has been changed in part to a more level land on the second bottom nearer the Ten- nessee River. It is also planned to make more use of the first bottom land for experimental purposes, as this area is typical of much land in Tennessee which is farmed with more or less risk on account of overflows. In this way the station will have experiments on first and second bottom and upland. The horticultural investigations include variety and fertilizer ex- periments witJi strawberries, tonuitoes, grapes, potatoes, and vari- ous studies on peaches, plums, cherries, apples, pears, and grapes. The botanical department has undertaken an investigation of clover sickness, a serious malady in Tennessee. A number of fungus dis- eases have been found, and what appears to be the chief cause of the trouble has been found to be a neAv anthracnose caused by an appar- ently undescribed species of Colletotrichum. Investigations of a dis- ease known as trifoliosis, occurring in horses and mules pastured exclusively on alsike clover, have been undertaken. In some instances, where animals have been left on the alsike for an extended period, the disease has proved fatal. It has been observed that as soon as the animals are removed from the alsike and put on a different ration, they begin to improve, but if they are put back on alsike they again show symptoms of the disease. Experiments with sweet potatoes are being taken uj) as a new enterprise on land not hitherto used by the station. The station is cooperating with the Bureau of Plant Industry of this Department in a series of experiments to establish hardy varie- ties of winter cereals, and in experiments with cereals, grasses, and forage crops in various comljinations with and without legumes, the crops to be utilized as feed and green manure. A new department of zoology and entomology has been established during the j'ear, and among other lines of investigation this department will conduct investigations in apiculture. The State board of entomology was also established, and the director and entomologist of the station was apj)ointed State entomologist and pathologist. The changes incident to the reorganization of the station have nec- essarily retarded its work, but the new management is making earnest efforts to overcome difliculties and has inaugurated a number of use- ful enterprises. The work is now well in hand and is being vigor- ously pushed. This station is, however, seriously handicapped by lack of adequate funds for maintenance and equipment. It should l)e put in a position which will enable it to work more effectively for the various agricultural interests of the State. liU lU:roitT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. MNES OF WORK. The jirinc'ipal linos of work coiuluctcd :u llio Tennessee Station (liirinrai)e roots; feeding experiments; diseases of animals, and irrigation. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as fol- lows: United States appropriation $15,000,00 State appropriation for substations G, (K)0. 00 Farm products 82. 85 Miseclliuieous 1, 529. 52 Total 22,612.37 A report of the receipts and expenditures of the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 72-75 and 77 and Circulars 5-8. The bulletins were on the following subjects: Strawberries at Troupe Station, the com- position of rice by-products, insects mistaken for the Mexican cotton boll weevil, early cottons, and onions and bunch crops at Beeville. The circulars were on cutworms, two plum weevils, grasshoppers, and the cotton boll-weevil in Texas. UTAH. Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan. Department of the Agricultural College of Utah. P. A. YouER, Ph. D., Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. Irrigation continues to be the main line of investigation around Avhich nearly all the work of the Utah Station is grouped. In the experiments relating to irrigation problems at the station two small UTAH. 137 farms have been secuivd and aic devoted almost entirely to the study of crops and their water requirements. One tract is carefully flumed, and it is possible to accurately measure all walci- api)lied and that which runs oft', thus determining the actual amount taken by the soil and the plants. An attempt is being made to determine the max- imum and minimum quantities of water required for the production of dift'erent crops; eff'ect of the application of the water at ditl'erent stages of crop growth; relation of soils and subsoils to quantity of water required to uiakt> a cro{); movement of water in soils, in which the results of about 40,000 determinations of soil moisture are abotit ready for publication; and the relative efficiency of irrigating by the flooding jnethod antl by furrows. Other investigations are being carried on in pot experiments to determine a number of factors in soil moisture movements. Much of this work, together with some work in draining irrigated land, is being done in cooperation with this Office. Other cooperative investigations are being carried on with the Bureau of Plant Industry of this Department on cereals and sugar beets, with the Bureau of Chemistry on the chemistry of sugar beets, and with the Bureau of Soils on the reclamation of alkali soils and crops for the reclaimed lands. The dry land farming exi)eri- ments have been continued and extended, and give promise of good results. It is believed that this method of farming will reclaim in the Western States an area many times greater than can ever be brought under the system of irrigation. The horticultural work includes variety tests with onions and irri- gation for vegetables at the substations in southern Utah, and orchard management and irrigation at Brigham City. The work in animal husbandry, {)oultry husbandry, and entomology has been continued as in former years. P. A. Yoder, associate chemist, has been elected director of the station', vice J. A. Widtsoe; William Jardine, agron- omist, vice L. A. Merrill; W. W. McLaughlin, irrigation engineer; and II. J. Frederick, veterinarian. The legislature at its last session appropriated $39,000 for experimental work under the station, appor- tioned as follows: For experiments in arid farming, $15,000; irriga- tion and drainage investigations, in cooperation with this Office, $10,000; for a central experimental farm to be devoted to fruit grow- ing, $8,000; and for the maintenance of the branih station in the southern ])art()f the State, $(),000. The increased appropriations for the Utah Station and the action of the legislature in turning over to it the control of the State station in the southern part of the State and in providing for a central fruit experiment station, show a grow- ing appreciation of scientific agricultural investigation on the part of the pui)lic. Through its various coo])erative enterprises, demon- stration farms for dry land fai'ining, and fiii-incrs' institutes, the station is reaching the farming connuunities better than before. 138 REPORT or oirit'K oi' experiment stations. LINES OF WOHK. Tlu> principal lines of work conduotod at the Utah Station during the past year wore as follows: Chemistry — soils, feeding stuti's, sugar heets; alkali soil investigations — reclamation of alkali soils; meteor- ology; iield experiments — rotations, testing varieties of cereals, sugar heets, and garden vegetables, and arid farming; horticulture; dis- eases of plants; cattle and sheej) breeding; feeding experiments — cattle, sheep, horses; dairying; })()ultry experiments; entomology; irrigation — seepage investigations and water reciuirements of plants and soils. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows : United States appropriation ipi.'*, 000. 00 Farm products 1, 05G. 27 Balance from previous year 79. 16 Total 10,635.43 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 88-91 and the Annual Report for 1903. The subjects of the bulletins are as follows: The relation of smelter smoke to Utah agriculture, a new centrifugal soil elutriator, feeding beet molasses and pulp to sheep and steers, and arid farming in Utah. There were also several circulars on plans for arid farming investigations and for irrigation investigations. VERMONT, Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station, Burlington. Department of University of Vermont and State Agricultural College. J. L. Hills, Sc. D., Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. Few changes of importance have been made during the past year in the work of the Vermont Station. The results of feeding trials extending over seven years have been summarized and the study of soft rots of vegetables, in cooperation with the New York State Sta- tion, have been closed. The station is making a considerable feature of studies of potato diseases. Thorough botanical and bacteriological VERMONT. 189 investigations of these diseases are being continued and extensive field experiments in the introduction of disease-resistant varieties are being carried on in cooperation with the Bureau of Phmt Industry of this Department. The station is also cooperating with the Bureau of Plant Industry in studies on the effect of climate on potato seed and in drug plant investigations. The botanical and bacteriological investigations of the Vermont Station are being vigorouslv and successfullv conducted and are of more than local value. The inspection service is also well organized and elliciently performed. The investigations in dairy husbandry have given useful results, but have now^ reached a point where they should be put on a different basis in order that by more thorough and scientific work results of wide and permanent value to the dairy inter- ests of the State may be obtained. To do this most effectively the financial resources of the station should be increased, and it is hoj^ed that a way may be found to do this. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Vermont Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — composition of j)otatoes, artichokes, etc., methods of analysis; bacteriology; analysis and control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs; inspection of creamery glassware ; field experiments ; botany — grasses and other forage crops, destruction of weeds, etc. ; horticulture — propagation, pollenization, and hybridization of plums; diseases of plants — soft rots of vege- tables, and diseases of potatoes; feeding experiments, and dairying. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation .$15,000.00 State appropriation 1,545.72 Individuals 25.80 Fees 2,824.44 Total 19, 39.5. 96 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PIBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 10ast fiscal year were Bulletins 143 and 148-153, and the Annual Report for 1904. Bulletin 143 belongs to the series of orchard studies, and treats of the composition of apples. The other bulletins are on hay substi- tutes, cowpeas and soy beans, the composition of cider as determined by dominant fermentation with pure yeasts, apple production in Virginia, experiments with caustic soda and some patent washes against the San Jose scale, and the horn fly. WASHINGTON. "Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, Pullman. Department of State College of Washington. E. A. Bryan, M. A., LL. D., Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The work of the Washington Station has been continued along well- established lines. Special attention has been given to animal hus- bandry, including feeding experiments with cattle and sheep, in which all feeds were grown on the station farm. A farm of 120 acres has been rented for this work and a cereal specialist has been appointed to have charge of it. He now has over 2,000 varieties, hybrids, and selections under observation. The rotation, seeding, and cultural experiments with wheat as the main crop have been carried on seven years and results are about ready for publication. Experi- ments for the control of the wild oat pest by cultural methods are under way, and a series of cooperative experiments with farmers in soil management have been inaugurated. The cereal and forage in- vestigations are continued in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry of this Department, and the irrigation work in cooperation with this Office. The department of botany and entomology pub- lished four bulletins during the year on diseases and insect pests of WASHINGTON. 143 fruit. Other work on plant diseases and insect pests is being carried on, including spraying experiments for the extermination of the hop louse and a study of the crown gall of hops. Tlie veterinarian is studying the morphology of the bacterium supposed to cause the symptoms of poisoning in sheep,' and has continued his studies of tuberculosis in cattle and poultry. In the department of chemistry the study of Washington forage crops has been continued, attention being given to the chemical comjiosition as affected by time of cutting, stages of growth, methods of curing, and the application or with- holding of irrigation water. Studies are in progress on the chemistry of insecticides and of ripening fruits, and on the action of enzyms on ripening fruit. A soil survey is being made and a study of the effect of environment on the chemical composition of wheat has been started. The new horticulturist, W. S. Tlfornbor, formerly of South Dakota, came to the station late in the year and devoted his time largely to planning his work and starting plantations of forest seedlings and ornamentals. AV. A. Linklater, recently of the corresj)ondence agri- cultural school at Sioux City, Iowa, has been appointed head of the animal husbandry department of the college and station. The last legislature changed the name of the Washington Agricultural College and School of Science to State College of Washington, and appro- priated $105,000 for maintenance during the next biennium. Xo appropriation was made for the Puyallup substation, which has been closed, nor for farmers' institutes, which will be continued with college funds. ! The Washington Station is gaining in appreciation among me people, is making good progress in developing and carrying on inves- tigations of importance to the region, and is in a fairly satisfactory condition, except that the teaching work of the staff is heavy and the funds of the station are too limited to permit the appointment of assistants to relieve the situation. The president has recommended the separation of the presidency and directorship, and it is hoped that the regents will act favorably upon his recommendation. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Washington Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — methods of analy- sis, chemical studies of hay, forage crops, fertilizers, foods, and dairy products; botany — study of crown gall, black spot, canker, tomato blight, pear bligiit, grain smuts: bacteriology: soils; field experi- ments — tests of grasses for pasture, varieties of oats, barley, emmer, spelt, and einkorn, rotations, time of seeding, sugar beets; horticulture; plant breeding — cereals, clover, alfalfa, and vetches; diseases of 144 KKPOUT OK OKFTCE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. plants; tVodinir imd broodinp: oxporimonts — cattle, swino, and shepp; votcrinary science — control of the s(]iiirrel pest, poisonous effect of certain jilants on sheep, tiilx'ivulosis of cattle and poidtry; ento- ni()lo. Sc, Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. Few now lines of work have been taken up by the Wisconsin Sta- tion during the past year, but old lines have been extended and devel- oped as far as means and facilities would permit. The station has recently closed a comparative test of alfalfa, medium red clover, timo- th}', and brome grass, in which the weight of green forage obtained from alfalfa was ajiproximately double that of clover, three times that of timothy, and five times that of brome grass; nearly the same I^roportions held for hay, while in the case of protein, alfalfa yielded three times as much as clover, nine times as much as timothy, and twelve times as much as brome grass. The total quantities of dry matter and fat were also much in favor of alfalfa. In an experiment in the production of grade lambs in winter and marketing them about the middle of March, at an average age of seventy-five days, the station realized a net profit of $6.43 on each lamb. An extensive series of tests in withholding salt from dairy cows showed that serious derange- ment was sure to come at some time, usually directly after parturi- tion. The bacteriologist has had good success in locating some of the causes of difficulty in the manufacture of Swiss cheese and the pasteur- ization of milk in a number of commercial plants. The disposal of dairy sewage and the manufacture of whey butter are new lines of work which are to be taken up. A. small sewage plant has been constructed to take care of the dairy sewage. A septic and filter bed system is to be employed, the effluent to be used for irrigation purposes. To foster the horse breeding interests of the State a de- partment of horse breeding has been created, and placed in charge of Dr. A. S. Alexander, veterinarian of the station. The legislature has passed an act requiring all stallions used for breeding purposes in the State to be registered and licensed by this department. Wiscon- sin is considered one of the best vStates in the Union for breeding high- quality horses, and it is believed that the efforts inaugurated will greatly stinudate this important industry. The department of agri- cultural engineering has made rapid growth on its educational side, and is making investigations in stable ventilation and with concrete fence posts. The work in agronomy continues to be extensive, and in- cludes considerable new work in corn breeding and testing. The soil work continues to be largely conccT-ned with investigations on nuick soils. The new work in animal husbandry consists quite largely of 148 RFIPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. feeding oxj)orimcnts. Tho dopartnioiit of clifMiiislry is invest iijating condiinontal stock foods, studying protoids of milk, iiu liiods of esti- inatin: work Avith these fruits. Tho tobacco investigations are being continued with Stat.^ funds, as are also the cranberry investigations, in which this Office cooperates. The extensive cereal investigations are conducted partly in coopera- tion with the Bureau of Plant Industry of this Department and partly with the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Association, with which the station is also cooperating in a number of other lines. A number of additions have been made to the staff of the station during the past year, including an assistant to the director, who will serve as editor of station publications and also undertake investiga- tions in animal nutrition, and assistants in horticulture and soils. The Wisconsin Station, while maintaining the high standard of its work in animal husbandry and dairying, with which it lias leen so prominently identified in past years, has in recent years developed especially along the lines of agronomy, agricultural engineering, and horse breeding in a way that keeps it fuUy in touch with modern progress in these important directions, and make it increasingly helpful to the agriculture of the State. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Wisconsin Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — studies of condi- mental feeds, proteids in milk, and organic matter of drying plants; bacteriology — studies of nodules of legumes, soil bacteria, pasteuriza- tion, and yeasts in cheese; soils — pot and field experiments with muck; field experiments — cereals, forage crops, and soil renova- tion ; horticulture — studies of seedling apples and plums, breeding of native plums and api^les, experiments with strawberries, cranberries, tomatoes, and tobacco; horse breeding; feeding experiments — horses, cattle, sheep, and swine; dairying — Swiss cheese manufacture, and creamery sewage disposal, experiments with skim milk, condensed milk, and cream; irrigation; drainage; and agricultural engineer- ing — stable ventilation. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as fol- lows: United States? appropriation .$1.5,000.00 State appropriation 18, .500. 00 Fees 1,975.00 Total 35,475.00 WYOMING. 149 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department and has been approved. PT'RI.irATIOXS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 114-126 and the Annual Report for 1904. The bulletins are on the following subjects: A lesson in bovine tubercu- losis; the quality of cheese as affected by rape and other green forage plants fetl to dairy cows; on the relation of food to the production of milk and butter fat by dairy cows; the relation of food to dairy production; licensed commercial feeding stuffs, 1904; a report on cranberry investigations; concentrated feeding stuffs and fertilizers licensed for sale in "Wisconsin, 1905; alfalfa, or lucern; the beet- sugar industry of Wisconsin; report on tobacco investigations in Wisconsin for 1903 and 1904; silo construction; two ways of treat- ing tuberculosis in herds. WYOMING. Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, Laramie. Department of the University of Wyoming. B. C. BuFFUM, M. S., Director. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The Wyoming Station made considerable progress during the past year in concentrating and reorganizing its work more efficiently. The good results reported by the station last year in its experiments in feeding lambs peas have attracted attention and led ranchers to take up this work, one ranchman putting in 400 acres of peas. Dur- ing the past year a new series .of experiments in feeding lambs was carried out. The more important results of these experiments were that barley fed with alfalfa produced better results than the feeding of corn with alfalfa, though the difference between the two grains was slight; that corn combined with native hay is not a good ration; that it is possible to use ground flaxseed from which the oil has not been compressed in compounding practical feeding rations, and that it is possible to fatten lambs without grain b}'^ the use of alfalfa, turnips, and flaxseed. Spelt is also proving a fine crop for that country. It gives a large yield of excellent feed. Experiuients are being made with Tamworth pigs, raising them at that altitude on home-grown feed, and comparing wheat with corn as a grain ration. Wheat gave gains nearly twice as large as those from corn, both grains being fed in equal amounts. Some experiments were con- 150 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPEIUMENT STATIONS. ducted to show the possibility oi" using to advantage cured alfalfa hay in the s\\ inc i-ations, and the results show that growing pigs of 90 pounds or upwind will make satisfactory gains on a ration of approxinuitely one-half wheat and one-half alfalfa hay. For young pigs, however, dry alfalfa was not satisfactory. In agronomy the principal work taken up was some new experi- ments with barley. This is one of the most important grains raised in the State, and detailed information of varieties suitable for feeding and brewing and the best cropping systems with barley, promises to be of nnich value to the people. Tests are being made of sweet clover (Melilotus), Avhich grows well at that altitude and on very alkaline and poor soils. It is thought to be a fine high-altitude plant, and experiments will be made in curing it with salt so that cattle will eat it. Considerable w^ork is being done w^th turnips and ruta-bagas, as these have given such good results in the feeding experiments, and potatoes are being grown with seed from different localities to avoid Rhizoctonia. The main part of the farm is being used to grow large crops of alfalfa and peas to be used in the station's feeding experi- ments. The most important investigations newly inaugurated by the station have been studies of the high altitude native and cultivated grasses and forage plants. These studies include ration experiments, experi- ments to determine digestibility, and studies of chemical composition. The digestion experiments carried out indicate that alfalfa raised above 7,000 feet altitude has a higher coefficient of digestibility than shown by trials in other places. A small amount of irrigation work was done in cooperation with this Office, and some varieties of flax were grown in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry. The last legislature passed three bills of interest to the station, one appro- priating $2,000 for farmers' institutes and short courses during the next two years under the control of the agricultural department of the university ; another providing a "fund of $2,000 for horticultural experiments at Lander, which will be under the control of the director of the station and two others, and a third bill establishing a State horticultural society and making the botanist and zoologist of the station an ex-officio member of that board. The feeling toward the station in the State is good, and it is gaining a strong hold on the people. This is evidenced by the success of the short courses, which have been operated for two winters very largely through the efforts of the station, and have attracted large and enthu- siastic attendance. These have been practically protracted farmers' institutes at the experiment station. The outlook for the station is unusually good. It needs to expand its work and take up some other departments, but there will be difficulty in doing this unless additional funds can be secured. WYOMING. 151 LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Wyoming Station diirinj; the past year were as follows: Botany; range improvement; meteorology; soils — rotations, continuous cropping, cultural experi- ments, renovators, study of soil characteristics; fertilizers; field experiments — variety tests and cultural experiments with cereals, for- age crops, and garden vegetables; analysis of foods; feeding experi- ments — beef and dairy cattle, pigs, poultry, and range sheep and lambs; and irrigation — measurement of water on the station farm, plat experiments, and efi'ects of irrigation on alkali. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation $15,000.00 Farm products G04. 30 Total 15, G04. 30 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Dei^artment and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins G2-G4, and the Annual Report for 1901. The subjects treated in the bulletins include some food products and their adul- teration, native and introduced saltbushes, and feeding experiments with lambs, 1003-4. STATISTICS OF LAND-GRANT COLLEGES AND AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS, 1905. By Miss M. T. Spethmann. The folloAving statistical statements relate to the institutions estab- lished under the acts of Congress of July 2, 18G2, and August 30, 1890, most of which maintain courses of instruction in agriculture, and to the agricultural experiment stations, which, with few exceptions, are organized under the act of Congress of March 2, 1887, and are con- ducted as departments of the institutions receiving the benefits of the land-grant act of July 2, 1862. These statistics have been compiled in part from replies to a circular of inquiry sent out from the Office of Experiment Stations, and in part from the annual reports of the presidents of these institutions made on the schedules prescribed by the Commissioner of Education. Tables showing the annual dis- bursements on account of the acts of Congress of March 2, 1887, and August 30, 1890, prepared in the Dei^artments of the Treasury and the Interior, are also included. Owing to the complex organization of many of the institutions, it is impracticable to give exactly compar- able statistics in all cases, and in some instances the data furnished are incomplete. SUMMARY OF STATISTICS OF LAND-GRANT COLLEGES. Educational institutions receiving the benefits of the acts of Con- gress of July 2, 18G2, and August 30, 1890, are now in operation in all the States and Territories except Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Kico. The total number of these institutions is Go, of which G3 maintain courses of instruction in agriculture. The aggregate value of the permanent funds and equipment of tiie land-grant colleges and uni- versities in 1905 is estimated to be as follows: Land-grant fund of 1862, $12,049,626.89; other land-grant funds, $3,295,193.51; other permanent funds, $15,968,463.07; land grant of 1862 still unsold, $4,101,749.18; farms and grounds owned by the institutions, $6,665,- 013.43; buildings, $28,192,385.11; apparatus, $1,957,030.42; machin- ery, $2,623,995.48; libraries, $2,520,350.21; live stock, $342,998.09; miscellaneous equipment, $3,544,959.03; total, $81,251,764.42. The income of tiiese institutions in 1905, exclusive of the funds received from the United States for agricultural experiment stations ($694,- 163.45), was an follows; Literest on land-gruut funds of 1862, $721,- 153 154 REPOUT OF OFFICE OF EXFKIUMENT STATIONS. 491.77; interest on other lan(l-n:rrtnt funds, $l)(;,0r>0.70 ; United States api)ropriation \nider act of 18!)0, $1,200,()()(); interest oii endowment or refjular appropriation, $.5.52,004.10; State ai)pr()i)riati()n for cur- rent expenses, $;5,048,4!22.22 ; State ai)pr()priations for buildings or for other special purposes, $2,313,0()0.5;j ; income from endowment, other than Feileral or State grants, $071,888.10; tuition fees, $881,- 105.80; incidental fees, $007,080.04; miscellaneous, $1,074,1.50.70; total, $11,707,1.54.54. The value of the additions to the permanent endowment and equipment of these institutions in 1005 is estimated as follows: Permanent endowment, $028,542.08; buildings, $2,133,- 225.41; libraries, $182,247.43; apparatus, $173,580.42; machinery, $153,025.78; live stock, $50,712.30; miscellaneous, $180,170.71; total, $3,501,513.10. The number of persons in the faculties of the colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts was as follows : For preparatory classes, 475 ; for collegiate and special classes, 2,002; total, 2,072. In the other de- partments the faculties aggregated 1,880, making a grand total of 4,561 persons in the faculties of the land-grant institutions. The students in 1905 in the colleges for white persons were as fol- lows: (1) By classes — p)reparatory, 5,072; collegiate, 20,020; short course or special, 10,196; postgraduate, 515; other departments, 17,830; total, 53,518. (2) By courses: Four-year — agriculture, 2,526; horticulture, 112; household economy, 854; mechanical engineering, 4,227; civil engineering, 3,624; electrical engineering, 2,034; mining engineering, 1,022; chemical engineering, 370; architecture, 148. Shorter than four years — agriculture, 3,230; dairying, 617; horticul- ture, 38 ; veterinary science, 740 ; military tactics, 16,657. The students in colleges and schools for colored persons were as follows: (1) By classes — preparatory, 4,781; collegiate, 709; short or special, 400; other departments, 683; total, 6,294. (2) By courses — agriculture, 1,624; industrial courses for boys, 2,404; in- dustrial courses for girls, 3,428 ; military tactics, 1,566. The graduates in 1005 were 5,001, and since the organization of these institutions, 02,081. The average age of graduates in 1005 was 22 years. The total number of volumes in the libraries was 2,141,465. The total number of acres of land granted to the States under the act of 1862 was 10,233,160, of which 844,164 are still unsold. SUMMARY OF STATISTICS OF THE STATIONS. Agricultural experiment stations are now in operation under the act of Congress of March 2, 1887, in all the States and Territories, and under special appropriation acts in Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico. In Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, Hawaii, Missouri, Ala- bama, and Louisiana, separate stations are maintained wholly or in STATISTICS OF THE COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 155 part by State funds. A number of substations are also maintained in diiferent States. Excludin*2: the substations the total number of stations in the United States is GO. Of these, 55 receive appropria- tions provided for by acts of Congress. The total income of the stations maintained under the act of 1887 during 1005 was $1,515,734.47, of which $718,163.45 was received from the National Government, the remainder, $797,571.02, coming from the following sources: State governments, $540,407.31; indi- viduals and communities, $8,925.80; fees for analyses of fertilizers, $82,428.32; sales of farm products, $93,058; miscellaneous, $72,091.59. In addition to this the Office of Experiment Stations had an appro- priation of $177,500 for the past fiscal year, including $15,000 for the Alaska experiment stations, $15,000 for the Hawaii experiment station, $15,000 for the Porto Rico experiment station, $20,000 for nutrition investigations, $07,500 for irrigation investigations, and $5,000 for farmers' institutes. The value of additions to the equip- ment of the stations in 1905 is estimated as follows: Buildings, $08,834.28; libraries, $10,119.29; apparatus, $19,100.09; farm imple- ments, $14,021.59; live stock, $23,802.27; miscellaneous, $19,010.20; total, $155,019.72. The stations employ 845 persons in the work of administration and inquir}'. The number of officers engaged in the different lines of work is as follows : Directors, 56 ; assistant and vice-directors, 18 ; special agents in charge, 3 ; chemists, 166 ; agriculturists, 58 ; agrono- mists, 44; animal husbandmen, 56; poultrymen, 12; horticulturists, 82 ; farm and garden foremen, 30 ; dairymen, 39 ; botanists, 50 ; plant pathologists, 11; entomologists, 05; zoologists, 4; veterinarians, 30; meteorologists, 8; foresters, 4; mycologists, 4; biologists, 3; physi- cists, 5; geologists, 8 ; bacteriologists, 18 ; irrigation engineers, 13; in charge of substations. 27; secretaries and treasurers, 30; librarians, 12; clerks and stenographers, 46. There are also 54 persons classi- fied under the head of " miscellaneous," including superintendents of grounds and buildings, gardeners, farm mechanics, laboratory assistants, etc. Four hundred and twenty-three station officers do more or less teaching in the colleges with which the stations are connected. During the year the stations published 403 annual re- ports and bulletins, which were supplied to over 731,000 addresses on the regular mailing lists. A larger number of stations than formerly supplemented their regular i)ublications with more or less frequent issues of press bulletins and other special publications, and most of the stations report a large and constantly increasing cor- respondence with farmers on a wide variety of topics. mo REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. "-2 o -*^ c ri o & GO M P n <^ OS pq o O O o I n W Ph O 03 o M OQ M H <1 H 03 3 O u G '3 c '3 H en •c a) M u 03 E o J3 a. 0) 3 c a o I o a o o a ;2i So CQ CQ -—V •3 " O 2i ~, to M .3 •a c ">1 .5 i<^ >.o3 .- c-1 bo o "SB ■£ rt CS _ O ."O P. ^ 3 .o HO : . . 3 . ._; o 5 "" Ka -a SE'SS . Si C 6 o « a ^oi '^ S ••^ -•:£-'£->. . tj • -^ o i -^ o • 1 " P. S3 C CQ 3 TJ C cj fc- C3 . z 2; S)bo . C 0)35 S ■^ 3 bo-S^ — a -fj J ^Bt3 — Ma °^ bo •« a 3-^ OS • o . ■a w-;-^-i3 .„ "^bo-C^O to . -a • ■ --' a— C5 a-W«3 o Eas-G^ra ja a -a . a " j£ « a* "Ci bo ^- . .ti o bo a^ ^ 1* °S 1^ Ph ^Q o ^:^ W Ph o o o « d ►-1 1-1 « a 03 S Ph g« 1 ^.:^ h5 w °^-^P5 cq « 3 3 <1 O a o w o 3 ■P OS 3 W -3 0) pq o o o CO ■a o +^ _>» "3 Ph a- i a) o ■O bo S as C *5 <; o ^ — o 03 "» lfi_ o c3 3 as II 3 03 §- % o > •a o o iz; u PI iS pq O > P ■3 J, 5-0 o 3 tH Ui o o bo . ■E'o'< aj m5 IP ^ «*-4 Th 3 o ft t^ o o S >H "3 r o a) (-1 bo • ° ^+S >> o 3 S ^tn a OS s c3 ■c P STATISTICS OF THE COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 157 c^' J4 , /•^ C S OS to O. d Q ^ « 2! Q5 _I u c a a •M a> T, 00 ,— s , >.« .^ ^_^ 3 s ^ •r- 3_ u u ^ ^jt a o ^ zi ts ^S3 '^ >. o . «^ b X •J CO ■«c j5 e^ O n.c -JS -" R "ti ''n fc. C c c ■f 3 00 o 60- fU < 'A <: >^ o 9 ►^ "-^ xa P •30. B - ".S 3 « 'fi ^-^^ <^M -8 *« 2o ^" .c ~ >> - t* u dJ«! S)S •OS «Ja -^^ M (>%N E >.«J3 airying ( judging weeks). gr. 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W ■oja . rgW "SE • gcc'Sb .>i.s 3 OJ ' to 3 r • _ S B« gS'Sb'-' 3 -^i3 p ^ ^ t, to c •- ^< ci oi o 3 ft 3 CO id CO Is pi .ja -^^ . o a« ■ .AS 60g .5? 2 H . 3 A • & Bft Ph a) Id w s OJ ft o o •a u H a o B .a^ IB 1-5 3 03 E o o o 3 3 o a 03 o p <; 60 a^2 = Bt: o B a)(j §§?£|3 a phS 03 Ui 3 +J 3 O & m >> e 60 hH to 3 .M c;j ■-' 3 .3 oi ■V 60 < O go o3S +^ O Mo 03 1; .S>2 43-3 .2 5 a M? .£;5 B O i-J a) 1 a ftp . 'a tJo a 30 3^ .2 « 60S <.§ o a o a M.> ijSiiB o 3 O 3 *^ ^ 03 3 m -i^ -^^ 4j> 2 (S >H t> B Op o ta a a la a) o B ^O =3 Eh P 03 .3 a} a) . S2 03 •0 3 oj 03 a 3 ja 03 03 a 3 03 60 '3 a a ft ft a 3 o s c3 3 CO +H B o a ci M STATISTICS OF THE COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 159 o 1 £? 6 d o 'O on •«£ ^ c « £ c .o «b ^ s*™ SM .Z CQ « 2 >.o -o =s C» ' — . tsO >-. o •^ c ClflM tie-- e °9 •a a o O . Ml ^ a o ? :i S a i-^-" O OJ ►.-'S S ft-g a- I, O ^- 9 6° • •a .* b — • 9 ♦-• c o '-- r-c£" xa ^.t o^ " •_ '5 ii a y ? 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P«-> Sim O' ■u ■3 u •c to So §^ £.2 •3 a ^5 6 a B « >-> ^ fc o o z s; Q • •q ! ^ ^ 0) O z iz; 5 o a Q XI t o o 3 o a p ino REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 1 o 00 f no I <3 o 9 2 a 3 ■a 3 3 O u B '5b "o o 3 O U o QQ c-i B a *» Si "3 C 3 . u c) -M en 3 B 3 •a 3 "o o Xi ■a o S-^ 3 § tit ^•^o-S o-g W i — "C P>M ■ So Si o M a :3'r„c 0>^ 03 m P t>> *^ aj =-3 to- CJ3.5 3 C ~ CO ^ as •3 •O a. ti o si ■3 S3 al e« C8 fi J! <"•-; o - c C ?> S ^ ^ e f* C ►^ CO " •o ■ « 2- o< -*--^ to o CI o-a Br oQ — w .— 3 ^5 .s E . c, ^ ■gtn M ■ Co O m >^— =* 2 •fi ? ^^ 'So CQ S 53 E_: .- s — S wo. te-3 cs a g 1=^^ s ._ ^ cS;S o K D<6o^ 5 -< "HI « -^^ • ^ ? ? MS .St boo as: o . •a.S 2^ o U) m (A o 9 So°^ CO y o ---^ go--' .. O Cj si C--^ .2 1=^ WEI'S c c 2 o o C o-g CO •sEB u d g o • C tn +^ — ^-^^ -^^.'^ C3.5.S --^hotao • c fl .•S a> o h5 o . 3 ■5>S S'bp o C O J3 _Oo Eb'Si r'Sb h c boo P5 ■a B . O .Sow g = e — ^ o o . o -ra E II « C oi — E-3 tiO ogo o £-3 - C-S .— OS* o tie'-' .Sid's eSi Cj CO ro-e M" 8 <5 O! gj,™ ■a C^ a o«, si . = ■? d > 5 o ■3 all .dSPo £oii — ' . o o 1^ 5 : MM • < cS a o PU| ft ij s" o t. o X) < 6 W 2 SQ -•J n ►4 l-lXi Pi C3 ft .d « S >. M d o +:> 60 a c3 tJM « =3 CO •S '-^ 5 M ft ft 1^ a _o +3 u o 60 "3 O o 60 o 60 a o 3 .Q 9> 60 03 o o n H s a o CQ o 60 o "o c3 Ph 60 O O a 3 **-< I '^ a o S CQ •a c3 > a m a So © o PhS c - 60 _o.^ P 3 =* oti a - j-,-^^ ^*^< o -1.2 g a oMJ = c s:< o -c" o •d-'s 6 5 = o !3 a 0.3 =3 '3_-'^CQ O t^ c '-^ 60 <; . <^ o 5 60 o o tUD C M *" tiO Q .2 ri^B'^-^ ^s:"^ « - s§oe J=g 3 = to o •a t3 1^ Z — 6C a^ ^ =!o ^0 4-> c3 i- »- — — 2 ^> a a a — s ''. >- "C _e 0— ! too: o 60 _o "o J o j2 := o =3 = M-' c's ■^ o •— „ 60 i?.5'o ■acQo Stag .i a 3 o ta o P4 "3 a o 13 O 43 ■33 a 03 O 3 o CO c3 o 03 ft I O o Eh o 43 •a o a > STATISTICS OF THE COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 161 DOS rt > 2 00^-3 . . ? c m . 8, S c "- rr e « O t- =S t. r ^u o . t- e GO • -»>.— ^ ■^ S *" O o c Ji P,c3 O-w «! .1 S"'-^ O "* . - t) a, s *:■« •§ = § •O bo • o c^ S c J; ft • s c ^ . rsoc u S P bo^ ^ •^ p d bo c.S'J g i.J= o c > — .2 .- " ^ ■ ^ ^ bo " bcs-^ = .W^' p °^ bo-;-^^M o— "?■" = :"_; •a o -' ■ '-'^ -=5 ro^Mc -• • — C ^! ci • ~ • JJ . bO-S— "!, sC-~^ M) •^X -^ .n -J ^ • ^ > « .iS btr: ;: - M „ '5 S ■= r - ■= M • -s •3 v.= --^ -" 3 • b C S3 S C bos' bpto ■? bO ffl"r "cj'bb •a o - . '^ be ^ 1 = ^-=i1-e«2 cs o '■'". C-:s o w^ — ^ £ S b£3.r: § ■■?& ■rl- ment station ofllccrs. 150 11 3 444' 28 8 '45' "\2 33' 19 3 199 4 l,f 13 7 10 35 19 15 6 14 9 32 21 26 19 14 28 13 16 22 11 19 12 26 11 19 10 14 22 12 20 10 17 "i2 10 20 11 19 13 12 10 18 11 21 29 9 760 o Total counting none twice. STATISTICS OF THE COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 163 of land-grant colleges, 1905. Graduates. Number of volume.s in libraries. Number of acres allotted to State under act of 1862. Number of acres of land grunt of 18ii2 still unsold. Number of acres in farm and grounds. In 1904-5. Total number since organiza- tion. Rate of interest on land-grant Number. Average. fund of 1802. • 51 127 1 34 7 345 4 14 25 ? 27 9 13 14 256 228 166 103 64 12 38 28 83 13 10 30 244 75 491 35 9 216 34 Y. M. 830 • 999 41 390 174 6 4,029 259 234 366 29 98 87 408 158 126 6 4,250 2,209 21,077 2,448 23,000 12,000 4,400 133,779 24, 139 11,266 23,250 1,300 60,299 582 40,600 850 8,949 110,839 17,400 21,824 29,»58 18,979 2,760 24,000 3,993 35.500 8,500 240,000 325 182 465 155 20 411 600 300 16 97 354 200 150 86 156 665 189 . 1,031 430 258 310 583 104 373 286 116 404 16 683 300 2,000 300 722 45 220 332 85 343 105 270 498 674 125 640 345 360 160 204 400 178 1,136 1,30 400 272 2,416 1,500 116 120 410 798 250 130 70 495 416 Per cent. 8 20 26 23 19 23 22 20 10 22 23 21 24 21 8 22 24 10 23 6 150,000 8 150,000 90,000 180,000 90,000 1,402 44,000 6 6 5 6 90,000 G 270,000 7 90,000 480,000 390,000 204,000 82.313 330,000 90,000 40 5 5 336 6,7,8 5,5i,6,7 6 23 5 21 18 22 1 18 8 23 6 20 6 20 22 8 23 i,i26 474 136 380 325 976 210,000 4,5 210,000 118,000 5 5,6 27 662 3,148 1,101 6 5,'*58 392 157 2,584 358 43 62,409 270 285 572 53 6 8,094 251 49 44 1,941 126 6 551 819 108 336 329 279 26,503 86,919 30,220 110,900 24,978 2,500 69,910 5,000 17,000 66,000 11,052 18,328 54,320 20,000 359,897 6,494 1,123 9,875 67.022 30.149 1,175 4,000 22,179 17,. 550 17,(K)5 1.390 19,8.50 33,000 11,000 1,350 26.500 103,110 8,500 18, 195 13,000 21,000 3,300 130,356 28,523 300,000 5 240,000 94,000 207,920 52,066 40 7 3,4,5 19 7 25 24 2 20 ' '6 5 277,016 47,107 5 90,000 90,000 90,000 150,000 210,000 88,932 10, 344 2,200 208 32 19 39 6 610 40 8 5 209 30 22 4i,6 4 23 22 6 6 5 989,920 270,000 5 23 24 6 l.'»,000 630,000 88,000 22 22 3 6 SO 94 4 40 45 26 27 39 30 19 43 77 36 15 50 16 409 17 22 23 7 23 19 20 23 22 4 21 23 21 22 20 11 22 10 22 24 19 23 22 90,666 780,000 120,000 180,000 6 6 3 6 lf»,000 300,000 180,000 160,000 6 534 382 131 3,819 583 1,333 201 982 130 6 5,303 133 6,7 200.000 150.000 200.000 100,000 90,000 150,000 80,385 6 6 89,000 6 240.000 90,000 312 90,000 4 6,061 22 62,081 2,141,465 10,233,160 844, 164 25,930 6 Including all departments of the university. 1G4 REPOKT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Table 3. — Students by classen and Part 1.— WHITE STUDENTS. By classes. State or Territory. Prepara- tory. Collegi- ate. Shori, or special. Post- gradu-' ate. Other depart- ments. Total. 63 155 403 384 33 400 926 179 72 118 84 151 173 1,101 1,419 883 726 369 307 417 172 184 1,.529 666 431 387 429 75 473 • 134 118 162 45 1,146 315 79 827 183 486 637 58 528 164 353 382 143 320 668 273 78 783 50 55 13 6 7 53 4 515 194 1,285 4,250 e496 123 121 225 184 333 3,729 1,534 1,980 el, 462 688 458 557 C237 <:230 1,561 el, 009 c3,790 731 1,892 339 2,728 257 159 390 237 e4,261 472 721 1,835 555 680 3,249 C147 673 488 730 414 733 541 731 793 1,105 3,413 C283 \ riyoiiii \rkjiMsus 15 o 955 130 51 2 58 32 3 a 132 85 617 2.^3 1114 15 13 15 48 32 162 230 40 80 78 379 460 2,316 (^olorji Including electrical engineering. c Total, counting none twice. STATISTICS OF THE COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 165 courses at land-grant colleger in 1905. Part 1. -WHITE STUDENTS. By courses. Four-year. Shorter. Agri- culture. Hor- ticul- ture. House- Mechan- hold ioal en- etono- ginecr- my. ing. Civil engi- neer- ing. Elec- trical engi- neer- ing. Min- ing engi- neer- ing. Chem- ical engi- neer- ing. 36 Ar- chi- tec- ture. Agri- cul- ture. 10 Dairy- ing. Hor- ticul- ture. Vet- eri- nary sci- ence. Mili- tary tac- tics. 15 65 32 2 76 178 34 1 38 75 36' n' 17 11 2 247 4 30 477 (i2 5 64 18 54 5 5 15 2 123 76 329 162 17 40 15 4 15 6232 14 2 S 7 55 ""s 5 4 42 130 16 2 9 6 407 l.OCil 295 81 103 220 180 192 1,051 637 38 1 4 5 4 15 4 3 1 32 15 2 13 11 291 358 263 ""75' 3 «28 201 429 249 151 t d32 61 42 41 1 199 378 26 170 85 552 99 4 7 13 '). 8.)1, ;ft3, 2ti2. 30, :«J2, 47, 275, 170, 12, 240 iW), 402 1,140 1. 700.00 y7.">. 00 '.KJS. K'J (XX). 00 000.00 (i07.51 ,s4'.t. 00 45.050.00 50,000.00 216, 757. 37 1,200,000.00 105, 574. 75 38,100.35 160,000.00 1,272, .500. 00 151,367.50 395,159.00 85,000.00 19.5,000.00 207,8.55.83 .500,000.00 92,000.00 270. 203. .53 810,000.00 3.30.702.00 040. (XX). 00 200.000.00 460,000.00 92, .500. 00 l,.528,8fXi..52 18.5, (XX). 00 I $18,051.00 0,900.03 24,440.00 65,000.00 000.00 Machinery. $23,488.00 4.000.00 17,030.87 35,000.00 15,000.00 Libraries. 52,000.00 10,000.00 51,O(X).0O 1,000.00 22,000.00 .5.400.00 21,500.00 800.00 2,3W.97 25,000.00 3,144.00 23,072.15 200,000.00 44, 278. 40 50, &J. 00 250.00 24, 113. .55 3,644.31 28,000.00 4,912.01 9,540.32 100,000.00 <• 180, 000. 00 <■ 202, 7.59. 55 23, 720. 90 2.5.&39.00 2.675.00 23, 456. 80 4,415.10 17,000.00 c50,000.00 70,703.06 36,437.;« 120.000.00 28, 706. 91 10.000.00 120,000.00 500.00 30,000.00 4 110,000.00 20, 158. 13 24,000.00 19,000.00 15,400.00 9,000.00 15, 303. 41 300,000.00 39, 249. 01 1,850.00 4,500.00 c 360. 000. 00 36,701.70 83.000.00 99,879.91 $37,598.00 1,500.00 18,014.00 15,0(X).00 2,500.00 27.798.00 21.000.00 22,000.00 600.00 800.00 20,000.00 100.00 13,715.86 135.000.00 20,000.00 .5.5,000.00 48. .5;{4. .50 12,843.00 1,810.00 28,530.40 3,980.00 30,000.00 6,000.00 Live stock. Miscellane- ous equip- ment. $2,500.00 376. 75 1,000.00 2,500.00 $17,300.00 1,800.00 25.973.00 140, 726. 88 19,000.00 5,000.00 33,000.00 13,040.66 6,500.00 20,500.00 39,480.52 20,650.00 3,600.00 14,000.00 .52, 7.59. 64 16,500.00 1,000.00 52,014.12 42, .500. 00 26,500.00 12,000.00 2,72.5.00 '64,'239.'83 28,192,385.11 1,957,030.42 as, 000. 00 7,000.00 11,272.54 100,000.00 25,067.82 9,969.25 23,000.00 103,070.00 7,150.00 12,000.00 50,933.59 52,000.00 3,000.00 20.000.00 21,000.00 4.5, .500. 00 20,000.00 12,800.00 c.5(W,832.21 33,222.19 2,623.995.48 95,000.00 19, 696. 63 3,500.00 118,710.00 2,500.00 16. .500. 00 145,000.00 10,774.09 14,000.00 49,000.00 15,7.50.00 621,482.00 7,155.97 1,530.85 18.202.06 185,000.00 20,997.59 2,000.00 16,968.69 16,057.00 1,700.00 5,500.00 13,665.56 13,242.00 1,100.00 10.9(i2.00 101.000.00 4,927.41 7..500.(X) 22, .500. 00 40,000.00 3, .500. 00 188,141.13 27,8.56.90 11,063.00 9,100.00 200.00 1,000.00 1,197.00 1,800.00 41.5.00 4,4.53.11 30,000.00 5,000.00 27.969.00 20,435.00 2,820.00 2,000.00 21,000.00 2:5.000.00 3,000.00 500.00 6 55,000.00 3,009.26 10,000.00 1.100.00 4,700.00 1,000.00 9,682.00 12,365.50 "22;62i.'66 2,500.00 I 7,200.00 350.00 15,201.94 130,000.00 20.000.00 75, 2.38. 05 137.100.31 421,9'.K).00 1,300.00 26,552.64 7,551.10 13,000.00 dl,500.00 61,125.00 15,000.00 1,737.95 3,800.00 1,600.00 6.000.00 3,000.00 6,556.92 8,000.00 15,154.00 685.00 291,082.64 20. (XX). 00 70,071.12 2,000.00 58,000.00 100.00 18,000.00 120,000.00 40,680.50 15,500.00 75,000.00 7,500.00 941,791.89 15,000.00 1,912.96 17,000.00 3,000.00 1,470.56 9,514.00 2,200.00 8.500.00 4, 113. .50 11,000.00 2,500.00 4,500.00 3,()20.00 60,000.00 56,913.77 71,456.00 2,000.00 5,000.00 15, 1.58. 08 30,000.00 16, .500. 00 6,0(X).00 1,. 500.00 1,675.00 20,28,5.00 3, 329. 80 105, .500. 00 ''1.54.164.17 100.000.00 17.. 500. 00 40,000.00 9,8.50.00 2,520,350.21 342,908.09 3,544,959.03 Total. $510,637.00 76. 404. 98 233,041.44 557,. 500. 00 107,900.00 7,382,2.50.53 636,801.36 342,5(0.00 320,700.00 30.1, ""2 rS^^ S rSSSo MOMO ^r o ^ 'w o »o »o ^ c^ C*3 8 88o '^8 <3 C ^o o ^ o «c 288 S"2 82 iC o So Q cj e^ s o o o « — ov o S 5 5 t ?5 S S S S S 3 d - 5 ■^ ^- CO a s '3 o c a i| ■r p5 O t~ (N — — cs >0 OQO M Q 4/^ Q a 5 CO i?= s 8 gggtg JK je c^ o %s © •c o 0) 03 CO •rte :^03 03 .5 M CO o! « r: m M Sec S == "=* U f-i t- ^ I. 3 O X>i o3 o3 ^ji: n c " O CS o3 cj< ft" m c a CO CO .a^ I o o 03 C3. ■ ViVj, s 03.S n ,i; Sxi o •- C p 2 ._ ._. O •-S ■ o Mig » IS 09 i: crJo c; c. &■- r oj o3 ^ C C ™ O cS t- V- -•^ E M ■?• "tl; oi oi « oi t- « OOCJQ en oi„ oi^ 03 d 03 oi c3 -S .S ■- .- .i; ■- C 0; Oi ® » OJ « O O C X3 a2SSSSss2S2Sz;»za;z;?;;2;zzo STATISTICS OF THE COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 173 3oc*»S r-- lO r^ o o C-: to o o t" o ci ci 1^ : ■v r*5 a> o uo o r* o X o o CO 51 — ' ^ CI c^ o ^ — 04 o X CO I/: ci "^ r» c ) CO ■T ■«• ) Ol — CJ >0 r^PO Oi ■^ o to ^ t^ < -^r O OT (M ^ O — ^ ^ C^ 8 'coo Souj U3>O06 o — « 8S2 ooco lO lO iO h» — »o 2888 COQOO ^* O Q --• 02S »ooo CJ lO o OOO o ■* o o -^ o OS O O CI o r^ O Q -*j« O CO O O 'O o Oi iC CI o ScooOr^O O lOOOCOOO c5 '^ •-0 O ro O O (-■^ '^ n c o o o lO CI CI — X »o o 88 O 05 8J o-ooo :o to »^ lO — c^ r^ooe<5oO' "9 * -. .E.22 CO 2 .= a •- '-■3 0/ o ^- 03 a> *^ — CO.' O M O 000 o roo 000 000 odd 000 000 a a 3 Si "' a S o " • .• - * »J " ^ W 03.S « 5S t- 3 •- ui rt 3 3 aj U.SC&C SO C 3 C s 3 3 3 3 O O 0*3 C C 3 3 174 RKPORT OF OFFTrF, OF EXPERIMENT STATION'S. I ^ u 1 •^o BOJ •goo g^'^l eo- Pi,03 PS-« e § ^r '^^ 09 S >» ?> C ? 4:^ k ■^g- F^ S u and ongr l'^ CQ- « e "S SggS< c5c^Mc^c5c4c^c^e^cicic^c5ciwc^Ne^NNc5c5c5cic5«ciMCJc5c4C'OiO>OOC^a)C:OiOC^03C-C'CiOCiC> >OCC: O = ^ oo 00 GO 00 cr X X "-r X X X X >: X r :/: -r x y: X :/: y. y: >: -y: -/: X X :jc 00 00 cc 00 00 X 00 oc ao » oc cc oocoooooo t-T r-^ t-^ r-.' r- I - t^' r-T r^" -^ -^ :C tC w *^ O -.O CD fooocccco ooocoSco Soocooco »0 »0 'O 'O »C "O 'O »0 lO 3 c S E ? o ? « c3 ci !S.2 ?8g? JOOC ooo< cooosoosessoc JOOC ;ooc >ooc f'^o cc o ;o '^o lO w^ IC »0 »C to »0 »0 »0 »0 lO lO »/^ a o 5o ~ MO ■E ^x: o 5 5 « S-S- S o ..as r^ I- t^ t- r- 1^ r^ i^ 1^ r^ I - i^ t- r^ r^ t^ r^ 5o 0080000 10 iO IC »o >C^iO 10 10 o .in *^ •:= o ':^ 5 5i^l/jS'5!'S5 ._. ._ C ^1 ri n-. ni ::: «: ;o^ :c ^ o 10 »0 lO 10 lO 10 iC c c ■c u c c M c: c g ■r-^'C: ae^? o c oatB C c3 STATISTICS OF THE COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 175 C^C^C^C^C^C^JC^ »o >ooo I CO CO CO CO CO CO CO I ^ f C^i'M'c*! C^l O d O O O^ O' cc r. :*: X X X QO g202ggg C C o o 1% SJ o O 3 cJJ3 g2 £ ■ 60 "O CO w was ^ — a) Sg2 O - ™ Is® ? -- s 2'-" a u-3 •5>.| SCO » _ aj J3^ «-> « O O E 2t P fc-o o « *; 17G REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. STATISTICS OF THE AGRICULTURAL Tablk 8. — General Station. Alabama (College) Alabama (Canebrake) . . Alabama (Tuskegee) . Arizona Arkansas. California. Colorado Connecticut (State) ... Connecticut (Storrs) .. Delaware Florida Georgia. Idaiib. . Illinois.. Indiana. Kansas. Kentucky. Louisiana (Sugar). Louisiana (State) .. Louisiana (North) . Maine . Location. Auburn. Uniontown Tuskegee Institute . . Tucson Fayetteville. Berkeley Fort Collins. New Haven.. Storrs Newark. . . Lake City. Experiment. Moscow Urbana... Lafayette . Iowa Ames Manhattan. Lexington. New Orleans. Baton Rouge. Calhoun Orono. Director. J. F. Duggar, M.S.. .1. M. liicheson.M.S.o G. W. Carver, M. .\ . n. H. Forbes, M. S.. W. G. Vincenheller . E. W.Hilgard.Th. D. LL. D. L. G. Carpenter, M.S E.n. Jenkins, Ph. D.. L. A. Clinton, M. S. Date of original organization. Feb. —1883 .Inn. 1,1880 Kel). 1,';,1S97 A.T. Neale, A. M.,l'h. V. V. II. Kolfs, M. S R. .J. Redding H. T. French, M. S . Eugene Davenport, M. ..\gr. Arthur Goss, M. S., A. C. C. F. Curti.ss, M. S. A J. T. Willard, M. S, M. A. Scovell, M. S... W. R. Dodson, A. B. B. S. do do C. D. Woods, So. D. 1875 1879 Oct. 1,1875 Feb. 18,1888 Date of organization under Hatch Act. Feb. 24,1888 Apr. 1,188S 1889 1887 Mar. —,1888 Feb. —,1888 May 18,1887 do Feb. 21,1888 1888 1885 Sept. —,1885 Sept. — 1SS5 Apr. May .1880 .1887 Mar. —,1885 July 1, Feb. 20,1892 Mar. 21,1888 Jan. — , 1SS8 Feb. 17,1888 Feb. 8, 1888 Apr. — ,1888 Oct. 1, 1887 a Assistant director in charge. STATISTICS OF THE COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 177 EXPERIMENT STATIONS. statistics, 1905. n a c . o— "> 09 "«S C »J 3 u J3 c o S =* aj 21 = .s 1-5 z 3 S a>S iz; 13 2 2 11 8 3 7 9 8 8 7 1 3 10 5 4 35 19 18 19 10 9 19 5 15 10 6 6 5 4 14 8 7 1 4 9 6 6 32 20 22 21 8 8 26 15 20 19 7 7 • 14 1 3 28 2 9 13 4 2 Publications 'luring flscul vi'iir 1904^5. B 1 1 4 4 10 U 7 8 5 9 5 6 8 8 6 13 206 32 10 ■OS Bo 3 13,000 1,500 1,500 111 j 7,500 106 509 296 10,000 9,200 8,000 009 12,000 382 164 284 134 123 334 332 196 434 241 384 444 9,000 6,888 4,017 14,000 5,500 28,000 11,500 15,000 21,456 9,500 11,000 9,000 Principal lines of work. Chemistry; botany; soils; analyses of fertilizers and food materials; field and pot experiments; horticulture; plant breeding; diseases of plants and animals; feeding experi- ments; dairying. Soil improveriient; field experiments; horticulture; flori- culture; diseases of plants and animals. Field experiments; horticulture; dis(\'ises of plants; animal industry; poultry investigations; dairying. Chemistry; botany; field exp;riments;" improvement of ranges;" hortuulture, inclmling date-palm culture; plant breeding; fc(>ding experiments; dairying; irrigation. Chemistry; field ex^wriments; horticulture; plant breeding; diseases of plants and animals; feeding experiments; en- tomology; dairying. Chemistry; soils"; bacteriology; fertilizer control; field crops; horticulture, including date culture, viticulture and zymology; botany; meteorology; animal husbandry; entomology; dairying; poultry cultun'; drainage and irri- gation; sylviculture; reclamation of alkali lands; animal and plant pathology; nutrition investigations. Chemistry; meteorology; field experiments; horticulture; forestry; plant breeding; disea.ses of plants; animal hus- bandry; entomology; irrigation. Chemistry; analysis and insp<>ction of fertilizers, foods, and feeding stuffs; insp<'Ction of Bahcock test apparatus and nurseries; dis(>ases of plants; plant breeding; forestry; field experiments; entomology. Food and nutrition of in»in and animals; bacteriology of dairy products; field experiments; horticulture; poultry experiments; dairying. Chemistry; bacteriology; field experiments; horticulture; plant b"r(>eding; diseases of plants and animals; feeding experiments; entomology; dairying. Chemistry; field experiments; horticulture; diseases of plants;" feeding experiments; veterinary science; ento- mology. Field experiments; horticulturi-; plant breeding; entomol- ogy; feeding experiments; dairying. Cheiiiistry; physics; botany; field exiwriments; horticul- ture; plant breeding and dis(>as<^s; entomology; feeding experiments. Chemistry; bacteriology; pot and field experiments; horti- culture; forestry; plant breeding; animal husbandry: dis- eases of [)laiits ami animals; dairying. Chemistry; soils; pot and fi'ld expc^riments; horticulture; plant breeding; breeding and feedii.g experiments; dis- eases of plants and animals; entomology; dairying. Chemistry; botany; soils; field experiments; horticulture; f>lant breeding; forestry; disea.ses of plants; animal hiis- )andry; entomology; dairying; rural engineering; good roads investigations. Chemistry; soils; horticulture; plant breeding; HeM exix^ri- ments; feeding and digestion experiments; poultry ex- periments; duseases of animals; entomology; dairying; extermination of prairie dogs and gophers: irrigation. Chemistry; soils; analysis of fertilizers, foods and feeding sttilTs; inspection of orchards and nurseries; field experi- ments; horticulture; plant bn-eding; animal husbandry; diseases of plants; i-ntomology; apiculture; dairying. Chemistry; bacteriology; soils "and soil physics; "field ex- p<'riments; horticulture; sugar making; "drainage; irri- gation. Geology; botany; bacteriology; soils; inspection of ferti- lizers and Tans green; field" experiments; horticulture; animal husbandry; di.seases of animals; entomology. Chemistry; soils; fertilizers; field ex|vrimeiits; horticul- ture; f(>eiling experiments; stock raising; dairying. Chemistry; botany: analysis and ins|>eetion of foods, fer- tilizj'rs, concentrated commercial fection of creamery glassware; horti- eiiltiire; plant breeding; iliseases of p'aiits ami animals; food and nutrition of man and animals; poultry raising; entomology. H. Doc. 924, 50-1 12 178 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Table 8. — General Station. Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota. Mississippi Missouri (College) . Missouri (Fruit)... Montana Nebraska. Nevada New Hampshire . New Jersey (State). . . New Jersey (College) . New Mexico New York (State).... New York (Cornell) ... North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma . Oregon Pennsylvania. Location. College Park. Amherst Agricultural College. . Director. II. J. Pattorson. H. S. W. r. Brooks, Ph. D, C. D. Smith, M. S . . . . St. Anthony Park W. M. Liggett Agricultural College . Columbia Mountain Grove. Bozeman Lincoln. Reno. Durham . New Brunswick. do Agricultural College . Geneva Ithaca . . Raleigh . W. L. Hutchinson, M. S. H.J. Waters, B.S. A.. Paul Evans F. B. Linfield, B. S. A E.A. Burnett, B.S... J. E. Stubbs, M. A.,D. D., LL. D. AV. D. Gibbs, M. S... E.B.Voorhees, D.Sc do Luther Foster, M. S. A W.H.Jordan, D.Sc... L.H. Bailey, M.S B.W.Kilgore,M.S.. Agricultural College..: J. H. Worst,LL. D W coster.. Stillwater. Corvallis.. State College. C.E.Thome, M.S. A.. John Fields, B.S James Withycombe, M. Agr. H. P. Armsby, Ph. D.,LL.D. Date of ori^nal organization. 1888 1882 Mar. 7, 1885 Feb. 1,1900 Dec. 16,1884 1886 Mar. 10,1880 Mar. —,1882 1879 Mar. 12,1877' Apr. 25,1882 Date of organization under Hatch Act. Apr. — 1888 Mar. 2,1888 Feb. 26,1888 1888 Jan. 27, 1888 Jan. —,1888 July 1,1893 June 13, 1887 Dee. — 1887 Aug. 4,1887 Apr. 26,1888 Dec. 14,1889 Apr. —,1888 Mar. 7,1887 Mar. —,1890 Apr. 2,1888 Dec. 25,1890 July —,1888 June 30,1887 a In 1882 the State organized a station here and maintained it until June 18, 1895, when it waB com- bined with the Hatch Station at the same place. STATISTICS OF THE COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 179 statistics, 1905 — Continued. Sfc S.J iti 22 11 19 12 26 17 19 17 10 24 12 9 10 7 20 7 13 15 10 5 Publications during fiscal year 1904-5. 11 20 15 3 7 7 5 5 24 11 251 424 602 258 88 193 37 275 138 120 116 621 343 188 1,077 443 204 527 245 104 132 339 ■a S3 1^ Principal lines ol work. 17,000 32,250 38,273 13,716 20,000 8,000 4,500 3,906 36,000 3,100 12,000 5.500 5,500 13,500 40,751 14,128 30,000 10,800 45,000 21,943 5,500 16,140 Chemistry; fertilizers; field experiments; horticulture; plant breeding; dis<>ases of plants and animals; feeding experiments; animal bnn^ding; entomologj- dairying. Chemistry; meteorologj" analysis and inspection of ferti- lizers and concentrated commercial feeding stuffs; in- spection of creamerj' glassware and nurseries; field ex- periments; horticulture; diseases of plants and animals; digestion and feeding exi^^rinients; entomologj" dairj-- ing; effect of electricity on plant growth. Chemistry; analysis and control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs; bacteriology; field expt^riments; horticulture; plant breeding; diseases of plants and animals; feeding experiments; entomology; stable hygiene. Chemistry; fertilizers; field experiments; horticulture; for- estrj-; diseases of plants and animals; food and nutrition of nian; plant and animal breeding; feeding experiments; entomology; dairying; farm management; farm statis- tics. Soils; fertilizers; field exTCriments; horticulture; plant breeding; animal husbandry; diseases of animals; poultry culture; entomology; dairying. Chemistry; soil survey; botany; field experiments; horti- culture; di.seases of plants and animals; feeding experi- ments; animal and plant breeding; cntomolog>-; dairying. Horticulture; entomology; inspection of orchards and nur- series. Chemistry; meteorologj'; botany; field experiments; dry farming; horticulture; feeding exp<^riments; poultry ex- periments; entomology; dairying; irrigation. Chemistry; botany; meteorology; soils; field experiments; horticulture; plant breeding; diseasc^s of plants and ani- mals; forestry; feeding and breeding experiments; exter- mination of prairie dogs; entomology; dairying; irriga- tion. Chemistry; botany; soils; field experiments; horticulture; forestry; animal breeding; animal di.seases; entomology; irrigation. Chemi.stry; field experiments; horticulture; plant breeding; forestry; feeding experiments; entomology; dairying. Chemistry; oyster culture; botany; analysis of fertilizers, foods, and commercial feeding stuffs; pot and field ex- periments; horticulture; plant breeding: diseases of plants and animals; entomology'; dairj' husbandry; soil bacte- riology; irrigation. Chemistry; botany; soils; field experiments; horticulture; feeding experiments; entomology; irrigation. Chemistry; l)acteriolog>'; meteorology; fertilizx^Ts; annlysis and control of fertilizers; inspection of finding stuffs; Paris green, and creamer,- glassware; field experiments; horticulture; plant breeding; diseases of plunts; feeding experiments; poultry experiments; entomologi,-; ('niry- ing; irrigiition. Chemistry; fertilizers; field experiments; horticulture, plant breeding; disea.ses of plants and animals; feeding experi- ments; poultry experiments; entomology; dnirj'ing. Chemistry; soils; field exp(>riments; horticulture; diseases of plants and animals; animal husbandry; poultry exj)eri- ments; dairying; tests of fann machinery. Chemistry; botany; field experiments; plant breeding; hor- ticulture; forestry; di-seases of plants ami animals; aiijil- ysis of foods and spraying materials; feeding experi- ments; dairying; tests of farm machinery. Soils; field exix^riments; horticultun'; plant bnH>ding; for- estry; diseases of plants; feeding experiments; entomol- ogy- Chemistry; field experiments; horticultun'; plant breeding: forestry; botany; bacteriologj'; diseases of plants and animals; animai husbandrv; entomologj-. Chemistry; bacteriologj'; soils; fertiliz/'rs; field crops; hor- ticulture; plant -selection; disea.ses of plants; fceainp ex- periments; poultry experiments; entomology; dairying; irrigation. Chemistry; meteorology; fertilizers; horticulture; field ex- periments; feeding experiments; dairying. 180 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Table H. /ieneral Station. Rhode Island.. South Carolina. South Dakota . . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont . Virginia. Washington . . . West Virginia. Wisconsin Wyoming. Total. Location. Kingston Clemson College. Brookings Knoxvillc College Station.. Logan Burlington. Blacksburg. Pullman. Morgantown . Madison. Laramie. Director. H. J. Wheeler, Ph. D. J.N. Harper, B.S... J.W.Wilson.M.S.A. 11. A. Morgan, B.S. A J. A. Craig, B.S. A... P.A.Yoder,Ph.D... J.L.Hills.Sc.D. A.M.Soule.B.S.A E. A. Bryan, M. A. LL.D. J. H. Stewart, M. A. W. A. Henry, D. Agr. D.Sc. B.C. Buffum,M.S. DaU! of originul organi/.atioii. June 8,1882 Nov. 24,1886 1888 1883 1887 Date of organixiition uii'ler Hutch Act. July 30 1888 Jan. — 1888 Mar. 13 1887 Aug. 4 1887 Apr. 3 1889 1890 Feb. 28 1888 1891 1891 June 11 1888 1887 Mar. 1 1891 STATISTICS OF THE COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 181 s'alistlcs, 1905 — Continued. s o— I B 2 2'" CO DQ 1^ S 3 Publications during fiscal j'ear 1904-5. |cE E 3 £1 •a , Principal lines of work. 4 11 8 8 10 11 15 12 22 4 10 4 6 14 9 13 8 26 6 4 5 2 15 845 423 993 403 326 318 205 70 90 310 468 164 193 202 966 220 15,588 9,000 11,200 9,500 6,800 25,000 7, COO 11,000 10,000 5,450 10,000 17,500 3,200 731,408 Chemistry; meteorology; soils; analysis and inspection of fertilizers and feeding stuUs; field and pot experiments; horticulture; plant breeding; poultry exp)eriments. Chemistry; analysis and control of fertilizers; botany; field experiments; horticulture; plant breeding; diseases of plants; feeding experiments; veterinary science; ento- mology; dairying. Chemistry; botany; horticulture; field experiments; plant breeding; diseases of plants and animals; animal hus- bandry*; entomology. Chemistry; insp<'ction of fertilizers; field exp«^riments; hor- ticulture; plant. breeding; seeds; weeds; diseases of plants; feeding experiments; entomology; dairying. Chemistry; seed testing and feed inspection; soils; field ex- periments; horticulture; feeding experiments; disuses of animals; irrigation. Chemistry of soils and feeding stuffs; alkali soil investiga- tions; field experiments; horticulture; diseases of plants; breeding and feeding exp<,>rinients; dairying; poultry ex- periments; entomology; irrigation; arid fanning. Chemistry; botany; bacteriology; analysis and control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs; inspection of creamery glassware; field exjieriments; horticulture; diseases of plants; feeding experiments; dairying. Chemistry; geology; biology; field experiments; horticul- ture; plant breeding; bacteriology; analysis of foods and soils; mspection of orchards; breeding and feeding exper- iments; veterinary science; (entomology; cider and vine- gar making; ferments. Chemistry; botany; bacteriology; soils; field experiments; horticulture; plant breeding; diseases of plants; feeding and brwding experiments; veterinary science; entomol- ogy; dairying; irrigation. Chemistry; analysis and control of fertilizers; soils; field experiments; horticulture; diseases of plants; inspection of orchards and nurseries; feeding experiments; poultry experiments; entomology. Chemistry; bjicteriology; soils; field experiments; horti- culture; plant breeding; breeding and feeding experi- ments; dairying; irrigation and drainage; agricultural engineering. Botany; meteorology; soils; range improvement; fertilizers; field experiments; plant selection; food analysis; breed- ing and feeding experiments; irrigation. 182 HEPOHT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Table 9. — Revemun and values of additions to station Hatch fund. State. Individuals and coiii- munitles. VtM». Farm products. Alabaiiui (Collceol $15,000.00 $6,073.24 $382.67 610.39 Alatiiiiim (("iinchrnkp) $2,500.00 1,500.00 13,098.80 .\laliniiiii cru.ski'Ki'o) 1 .\rizona 15.(X)0.00 13, IW. 45 15,000.00 15,000.00 7,500.00 7,500.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15.000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15.000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 127.00 807. 50 1,507.33 California Colorado ConiUK'ticiit (State) 15,950.00 1,800.00 $8,500.00 3,610.31 Connocticut (Storrs) Dclawan* Florida 2,183.14 1.735.26 o 1 , 4.50. 92 tWJ. 04 Gt'orgia 0:57. 87 Idalio Illinois 85,000.00 522.50 Imiiana 28, 125. 00 c 7, 050. 00 a 14,280.00 15,000.00 1,500.00 5,000.00 13,025.00 c3,500.00 d 38, 749. 90 <■ 20, 000. 00 3,000.00 14.050.00 0, 440. 07 f 15, 000. 00 400. OJ 6,723.34 o 4, 266. 05 5,282.55 2,2.33.12 1,700.52 4,582.57 1,512.95 1,718.51 (). 36 140. 13 9.67 362. 33 .59. 12 73.29 149.43 28.8.5 175. (K) 90.22 11.92 428.00 267. 19 341.17 453.87 978.95 287.51 250.00 $545.00 100.00 25.00 188.75 150.00 139.53 16.60 39.48 29.74 30.01 230.09 170.00 520.88 2,094.64 353.15 20.70 200.00 87.60 317.54 184. 67 423.46 110.00 364.42 703.77 200.00 11.80 $200.00 Miscella- neous. $320.00 50.00 300.00 ^1.50 428.06 294.50 5.40 811.04 40.00 2,700.00 8.00 1,280.35 75.00 1,460.50 50.00 235.99 306.65 247. 47 187.87 1,000.00 312.20 044.53 250.00 389.82 02.53 247. 44 542.10 136.29 178.00 109.81 95.92 483.12 215.49 834.84 25.00 350.00 501.21 271.37 325.00 389. 42 1,111.11 388.00 111.85 299.39 158. 89 082. .59 359. 70 144. 97 36.63 64.32 110.00 248.78 69.25 350.00 451.56 693. 61 421.32 659.86 414.00 485.00 54.70 1,198.84 1,110.00 500.00 971.50 470.00 397.60 530.10 73.50 250.00 500.00 9.00 186.35 29.20 2,507.16 643. 69 378.50 122.00 432.50 38.09 220.00 82. 50 345. 35 100.00 1,107.70 177.78 624.04 43.93 530.04 281.08 137.88 46.02 3,801.20 242.00 805.00 1,350.92 330.37 209.89 900.00 455.25 402.05 317.08 83.05 102. 56 500.00 440.05 3,984. 18 142. 87 17.50 173.31 199.64 25.41 17.00 840.36 743.28 1,278.00 110.13 101.36 300.00 596.05 150.00 94.18 684.18 100.00 Total. $2,950.00 5,650.00 115.00 4,082.10 1,701.11 489.28 787. 62 1,253.08 712.40 1,738.70 1,420.01 185.00 1,116.50 23,914.47 1,117.23 1,919.73 1,951.40 18,491.07 3,800.03 1,9.53.94 2,700.41 2,693.56 3,322.85 2,115.41 3,110.00 1,172.40 1,048.00 1,3.50.03 2,445.20 1,351.42 2,043.58 1,463.44 2,. 500. 00 5, 732. 38 1,595.77 706. 61 7,309. (U) 7,029.99 1,200.04 859.10 474. 79 1,780.40 070.00 1,114.78 1,919.59 1,058.93 1,488.12 3,393.40 2,970.90 492.00 5,290.10 5,347.41 2,430.00 72,691.59 1,515,734.47 68,834.28 10,119.29 19,166.09 14,621.59 123,802.27 19,016.20 ; 155,619.72 /For the fiscal year ended October 31, 1905. g For the fiscal year ended October 1, 1905. A Estimated amount of State appropriation sjxjnt for experimental purposes. » For the fiscal year ended December 1-, 1905. 184 REPORT OF OFFTOE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Tabi.k \0. -ExjH'mlihirefifrom United States appropriation for the Sl.-ilioii Amount of ap- propria- tion. Alabama $15,000. Arizona 15,000. Arkansas 13, 1()3. California 15,000. Colorado 15,000. Conner'tic'iit (State) ... 'JM. Coiinectii'iit (Siorrs) .. 7,. '>()(). Delaware 15,000. Kloridii I 15,000. Georgia 15,000. Idaho 15,000. Illinois 15,000. Indiana : 15,000. Iowa I 16, 0(H). Kansas ' ]5,0(X). Kentucky 15,(K)(). Louisiana ' 15, (XH). Maine ' 15, (XX). Maryland 15,000. Massachusetts 15, (KX). Michigan ! 15, (XX). Minnesota ' 15, tKX). Mississippi ' 15, (XK). Missouri ' 15,000. Montana 15, (MX). Nebraska i 15, 000. Nevada I 15, UK). New Hampshire ' 15,000, New Jersey | 15,000. New Mexico I 15,000. New York (State) I 1,500. Classified expundiluros. Salaries. New York (Cornell) . North Carolina. North Dakota.. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island. . South Carolina. South Dakota.. Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia. . Wisconsin Wyoming Total 13,500. 15,000. 15,000. 15,000. 15,000. 15,000. 15, on. 15,000. 15,000. 15,000. 15,0(X). 15,000. 15,0(XJ. 15,000. 15,000. 15,000. 15,000 15,000 15,000. 00 00 45 00 00 00 (X)' oo! oo; 00 00 oo! 00! 00' (X) IX) 00 00 00 00 00: 00 oo| 00, 00, 00! 00 00 00 00 00: 00, 00, 00 oo! OOi 00 00 00 00 00, 00 00 oo! 00 00 00 .00 00 7I8,1()3. 45 Lalior. rublica- tions. $7,395.53 (5,431.84 7,988.791 5,(102.38 10,8(i3. 30 7,5(X). 00 3,541. 14 9,()40. Ofi, 8,2<)8.211 7,280.00 8,244.95 6,814.72 7,901.(12 9,21.5. 13 7,828.33' 11, (;:>(). 00 13,(170.98 8,300.00 8,2.52.57] (1,992.421 6,283.78 10, 129. 03i 6,865. 67, 5,983. 13i 10,701 68! 8,800.711 9,599.75 8,884.40 0,730.00' 8,179.30 1,48.'"). 29! 9,916.41 9,(58.'-). 32 7,339.05 13,588 94 6,. 559. 13 10,160.00 11,216.88' 9,377.76: 9,878.92 7,381.68 7,943. 36 7,949 64 7,394.05, 7, 169. 27 8,816.25 10,083 01 12,305.72 8,235.00 7,306.8.5 $1,227.74 4,504.82 2,071.90 5,594.31 211.61 1,. 528. 73 1,116.79 1,840. 3( 2,514.08 2,206.83 2,681. 15 1,525.15 4,038. :«) 242. 16 'iJ789.'5(' 2,830.58 1,788.14 3,429.77 2,284.62 2,042.62 2,622.50 1,483.99, 1,695.53 2,419.02 1,982.52 1,062.32 1,740.53 $1,3«>7.81 49.09 407. 08 400.00 1,780.93 Post- age and sta- tion- ery. Freight and ex- press. $121.05 350.68 109.32 664. 04 356. 02 95(1. 25 1 , 770. 9' 2,964.38 1,337. .55 3,011.47 2,226.64 1,854.43 1,423.58 4,038.34 3,197.48 2,359.34 3,537.27 3, 170. 89 1,251.97 2,052.43 18.00 1,332.91 1,246.63 422,304.95 96,226.16 192. 10 717.82 1,104.37 1,. 501. 94 1,006.09 1,788.32 2,616.05 2,253.31 329.55 1,224.8 1,329.02 259. 361 183. 72 782. 84 191.50 75.28 912.23 431.57 734.06 1,508.82 201.20 1,040.36 790. 16 599. 96 164.03 120. 19 82.11 229.64 23.5. 45 827. 55 420. 25 365. 26 37.97 216. 70 786.61 545. 75 1,102.74 1,583.57 369. 54 502.78 45. 67 1,560.02 1,361.97 443. 74 1,133.13 133. 39 669. 02 1,214.9' 505. 96 276. 45 811.42 38,826.11 356.07 322.07 367.35 583.38 317.21 238. 96 125. 90 430.81 602. 97 170.20 86. 68 502. 98 243. 98 14.71 183. 04 380.91 300.10 $468. 81 294. 31 221.04 121. 19 7.30 68. 87 102.80 194. 65 235.26 229.67 457. 54 74.93 502.46 331.18 49.71 Heat, light. and water. $301.84 51.03 75. 05 446. 13 84.96 400.87 468. 70 256. 65 316. .53 120.00 32.00 Chemi- cal sup- plies. $753. 22 354.51 152. 64 366. 16 211.46 310. 87 221.78 201.44 27.63 210. 66 274. 94 397. 11 97.20 201. 45 138.99 116.69 599. 57 32.80 400.13 535. 03 367.47 544. 60 96.24 777.35 110. 10 40.05 29.90 443. 63 105. 89 417. 45 318. 53 275. 07 40.00 374. 97 144. 76 105. 28 165. 81 270. 63 273. 16 431. 90 469. 31 251.30 115.00 261. 49 49.50 227. 20 12,982.96 49.93 109.76 .25 154. 64 120.36 109.40 75.99 188.71 49.51 210.39 47.02 35.88 241. 84 147. 78 206.90 59.29 107. 28 8,284.44 20.04 43.51 396. 13 240. 03 323. 7 373. 36 122. 75 339. 35 34.15 501.53 188.83 922. 18 514. 44 100.00 752. 60 11,645.61 177.65 45.71 93.88: 180. 03 883.78 477.46 136.36 184. .52 247. 55 207.91 100.39 190.90 S6. 11 115.70 134.09' 129. 39 74.87 163. 40 37.78 129. 87 100.45 111.96 79. 76 160. 40 402.80 53.66 483. 12 323. 19 171.00 146. 65 527. 95 145.09 031.65 58.41 348. 39 383. 78 317. 8f 9,876.00 a The expenditures under the diflerent heads are affected STATISTICS OF THE COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 185 agricultural experiment stations for year ended June 30, 1905. a Classified expenditures.— Continued Seeds, plants, and sundry sup- plies. Fertil- i/.pr.s. Feed- ing stuffs. Li- Ijrary. Tools, imple- ments, and ma- chin- ery. Furni- ture and fix- tures. Scien- tific appa- ratus. Live StOClv. Travel- ing ex- penses. Con- tin- gent ex- penses. Build- ings and repairs. Bal- ance. S1,31S.98 245.64 624.04 127.43 344. 11 $292.53 457.23 85.75 48.00 30.20 $480. 42 20. 7(i 04.03 42.91 42.69 $238. 49 624. 24 "'l39."53 16.60 "$l98."ll 47.00 43.93 46.40 $244. 13 1,57. 80 4.60 191.81 265. 27 $36.98 20.40 98.00 15.00 21.00 $749. 47 287. 06 227. 50 71.10 $251.79 150.55 305. 75 S31. 25 631.50 $669. 44 204.00 820.33 586. 51 428. 06 452. 49 271. 36 279. 02 486.15 365.23 584. 20 386. 89 251. Ui 355.89 127. 46 '5.' 20 432. 29 408. 27 '" 143.37 314. 24 85. 02 402. 20 1,00.5.19 555. 34 65.22 463.29 91.61 14.91 155. 23 41.43 230. 47 29.74 30.01 203. 49 203. 22 520. 88 694. 29 192. 45 20.70 212. 95 24.00 82.66 2S0. 89 126. 00 21.76 233.88 69. 68 59. 50 5.40 811.04 456. 89 60G. 28 379.31 54. .53 460. 75 (;S5. 25 203. 05 15.00 149. 29 15.00 73.85 82. 63 28.00 15.00 1.5. 00 35.00 116. 35 242. ("i8 725. 14 108. 08 736.31 204. 38 28. 83 176. 08 217. 65 177. 72 206. 50 46. 62 14.00 242. 00 """73." 88 a5. 50 140. 39 91.35 100. 28 401.03 485. 74 25.00 40.00 1,286.35 270. 25 553. 15 20. 06 370. 20 SO. 87 75.73 420. 54 135.09 410. 48 584. 09 254. 91 641. 48 534.33 338. 77 455. 25 306. (w 501.40 190.08 469. 24 120. 29 195. 42 738. 1 1 '""46.06 67. 95 1.90 743. 29 560. 65 379. 78 332. 22 703. 78 1,717.53 3,544.77 329.85 383. 24 78.36 303. A% """"8." 66 97.71 69.83 '""47." 8.5 259. 50 ,509. 07 2. .50 190. 27 74.13 •398. 37 201.11 54. 25 828.11 11.80 76.85 235. 99 4S. 25 247. 47 187. 87 6(ij. 33 142. 46 2.80 162. 26 209.89 5. 75 .50.30 """96." 62 92.15 73.03 317.08 162. 56 25. 08 178. 04 167. 20 586.31 958. 79 """9l."45 510. 28 267. 19 138. 15 453. 87 287. 51 59.96 70. 65 285.00 127. 05 1,198.84 185.00 259.50 971. 50 489. 41 517. 13 158. 46 211.82 12. 15 283.93 107. 34 29.40 15.00 2.5.00 "Is." 66 15.00 1.5. 00 15.00 30.00 157. 09 233. 00 90.00 586.17 189. 15 7.50. 00 22. 75 133. 04 747. 96 1382.30 633.92 397. (50 80.10 73.50 ""246." 2.5 30.63 593. 95 9(i. 87 260.43 276. 50 32. 95 516. 78 SC). 81 316. 43 331. 74 70. 05 UiO. 96 1," 4 16.' 99 178. 62 374. 43 670. 14 99.31 22. 02 111.22 1.25 381. 31 104. 45 209. 45 31.13 10.60 65. 57 62. 53 247. 44 I93. 92 295. 25 12>S.04 58. 51 3ti4. 8s 98 35 217.41 268.39 379.65 134.65 284. 89 354.35 494. 21 295. 31 102.80 185.80 2-2. 64 29ti. 64 3(i4. 07 166. 2 i 9(i. 92 24. 00 15. 00 15. 00 17. .50 17. 93 1.5.00 31.20 15.00 42.50 23.20 19.95 16.90 5.5.00 15.00 """l5."(")6 15.00 (i09. 52 104. 04 654. 24 334.87 4&). 88 320. 26 174. 35 515.00 320.65 493.39 58.49 287.72 261. 65 349.30 306. 61 168. 5i^ 537.36 109.95 1,176.89 830.80 78.76 1,226.34 343. 78 24.85 40.50 142.28 169. 03 490.90 """27 ."66 16.5." 6(J 140. 39 6.51.89 809. 22 119.00 64.5. 80 66. 36 140. 13 353. 22 362. 33 59. 12 73.29 249. 75 28.85 21.51 87. 92 11.92 4(«.90 144. 97 35. 25 192. 50 64. 32 111.49 "'"69.'25 101.22 130. 27 693. 61 27.47 """'4." 16 , 25. 8( 21.86 "'"43.' 57 101.3C 92. 85 , 512. 92 1 136. 29 178.00 74.84 "3. 55 109. 21 743. 97 25.00 204. 63 131.33 271.37 293.54 1.00 840. 20 432. 50 38.09 726. ,53 ' "3l6.'67 641. S3 336.00 300.51 1,288.39 1,032.02 1,312.95 351. 36 580.13 489. 12 213. 12 101.07 91.60 ""'345." 44 40.55 """6i.'45 30.00 6(). & "222. 40 483. 62 919. 70 17.00 ""202.' .56 1 , 278. 43 261. 42 554. 69 227. 40 3.64 51.60 415.93 61. \h 205. 60 00.85 335. 37 734. 12 88.13 79. 65 731.51 486. 87 19,233.315,066.07 22,820.39 6,930.28 9,340.95 4,065.11 9,673.08 11,(130.94 13,171.29 I,92(i.30 13,717.20 382. 30 liy the total revenue of the station, as shown in Tahic 9. 186 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Table 11. — Dixbursemenis from the United Slates Treasunj to the States and Territories for agricultural experiment stations under the act of Congress approved March 2, 1887. o- Stale or Territory. 1888-1902. 1" the exec'ulivr {•oininittee to lake s(ei)s to secure, ii" possible, the establish- inent of a tlepartineiit of rural a<;ricultural education in the National Educational Association. 'I'he rt'solulion was adopted. lion. W. V. Harris, Commissioner of Kducation, nuule a Idief address in Avhidi he expressed the view that a<;ricultural education should be considered each year in one of the special de})artnients of the National Educa- tional Association. A vote of confidence and thanks was ordered sent to Kepresontat ives Adams and INIondell for their efforts in behalf of the bills in their char<;e for the further endowment of the experiment stations and the estal)lishment of mininjr schools, 'J'he association also voted to lend its aid in support of national aijprojH'iation for the control of the gypsy moth. It went on record as indorsing the continuance of the collection and publication of data by tha United States Department of Agriculture relative to the condition and yields of farm crops, for the use of farmers and for students in rural economics. SECTION ON COLLEGE AVORK AND ADMINISTRATION. The general theme for discussion in this section was The Field and Functions of the Land-Grant Colleges, which was considered under the three heads — curriculum, discipline, and environment. In a paper on A Minimum General Culture Requirement, Presi- dent A. B. Storms held that the students which the land-grant colleges attract are not prepared for severely technical courses, and lieiice pro- vision should be made for general culture studies during the first two years of the course, with ojiportunity for election in the last two years. The students should not be occupied in acquiring mere manual dex- terity, which can be more cheaply learned in the Avorkshop. President J. M. Hamilton discussed the relative Amounts of Pure and Applied Science. He held that the land-grant colleges should give a good foundation in pure science, not for intellectual training alone, but as a preparation for the work in api)lied science. He would, therefore, have a large amount of. pure science work in the early part of the land-grant college course, and make the later science work thoroughlv industrial. Prof. F. W. Rane presented a jjaper on Courses in Agriculture, Hortic-ulture, and Allied Subjects, in Avhich he confined his remarks mainly to horticulture. In his scheme for utilizing the 150 hours assigned to horticultural courses, 20 hours were given to the study of propagation, 50 to pomology, 50 to olericulture, and 30 to floriculture. Dr. H. ^y. Tyler discussed Avhat constitutes a " liberal and practical education " for an engineer, making suggestions as to the allotment of time between general science and professional work j and Dr. W. E. Stone and President J. L. Snyder considered the desirability of degree courses in home economics. The former held that since the ASSOCIATION OP COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 193 manual operations of this country are performed by the uneducated people, there is no place for nuinual training in the degree courses, but that skill in manual operations should be acquired in the lower schools. President Snyder maintained that manual development miijht to a certain extent be considered one of the legitimate aims of a college course, which ought to be in the broadest sense a preparation for life; and he outlined a tentative degree course in home economics. In discussing these papers Prof. L. H. Bailey pointed out a tend- encv to react from the exclusivelv or severely technical under- graduate courses, and to hold somewhat closely to some of the tradi- tions of education. He noted further a growing disposition to occupy the first two years of the college course with the fundamental or pure science subjects, a drift of opinion toward humanizing the conduct graduate courses, and to hold somewhat closely to some of the tradi- sympathy with the work-a-day life," a desire to introduce other subjects which have to do with the every-day life of the people, and a general indication that the courses, particularly on the agricultural side, are not regarded as severely technical. l*articularly was he impressed with the emphasis placed upon the ideals of education rather than practical utility. Student Control was the topic of a paper presented by President W. O. Thompson, who favored administrative control, which places the matter of discipline entirely in the hands of the president of the college and does away with the necessity for elaborate rules and regu- lations. In discussing the relation of the land-grant colleges to the State universities. President W. J. Kerr stated that the logical division of work in the States having separate institutions would be for the universities to offer courses in liberal arts and the professions, while the land-grant colleges would offer all of the technical courses in agi-iculture and the mechanic arts. In a paper on The Normal Schools. President K. C. Balx-ock brought out the fact that comparatively little is now being done to train teachers for small towns, villages, and rural comuiunities. He urged that the land-grant colleges should help the normal schools by offering short courses for teachers, holding institutes, and sending out their officers to give courses and lectures in normal schools. The same general conception of the duty of the land-grant colleges in the move- ment for the improvement of public schools was held by Dr. A. C. True, who read a paper <»n The Pul)lic Schools. He said that the colleges should study the progrannnes of the pul)lic schools, come into close touch with their school officers and teachers, provide courses of study which will be attractive to school officers and teachers, and by sunnner schools or otherwise seek to i)ring such persons into direct contact with the system of education represented in these colleges. II. Doc. !»24. no-l 13 1^)4 llErOIlT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Elomentarv and socondnrv courses in agriculture and mechanic arts in the })ublic schools are required to direct students to the land-p-ant colleges and to prepare them to enter their courses. Prof. Joini Hamilton discussed the relation of the land-grant col- leges to the farmers, and pointed out three great fields in which these institutions should work, viz, (1) tlie college class room — four-year courses, short courses, and post-graduate courses; (2) college exten- sion Avork, including correspondence courses, farmers' institutes, mov- able schools of agriculture, and practice farms, and (3) normal schools of agriculture for training capable farmers to take part in the extension work of the colleges. SECTIOX ON EXPERIiMENT STATION WORK. The two subjects arranged by the programme committee for con- sideration in this section were (1) soil investigations and (2) how much demonstration work and what kind should the experiment sta- tion undertake? Under the first subject Dr. C. G. Hoj^kins presented a paper on Soil Fertility in Relation to Permanent Agriculture, in wdiich he called attention to the widespread decline of the fertility of farm lands in the United States, due to exhaustive systems of cropping and export of fertility from the farm. The extension of animal husbandry, involving the feeding of a large proportion of the crops grown to animals on the farm, and thus insuring the return of the fertility to the soil, would act as a partial check to this exhaustion ; but it was pointed out that about 80 per cent of the farmers of the United States are giving attention almost exclusively to crop production, and that a large j)roportion of them will probably never take up animal pro- duction to an extent that will result in an increase of fertility of their farms in this way. It is therefore necessary for such farmers to adopt systems of cropj^ing, supplemented by the use of fertilizers, which will enable them to maintain the balance of fertility or turn it in their favor. The experiments of the Illinois Station on representative Illinois soil type usually agreed in showing that in these soils phosphoric acid is the principal requirement, and the only one which needs to be applied in commercial form. The cheapest and most efficient means of supplying the phosphoric acid has been found to be by the use of fine-ground rock phosphate in connection with green manures or other materials supplying abundance of decaying organic matter. In the discussion following this paper. Director C. E. Thorne pointed out the fact that virgin soils and those long under cultivation behave very difFerentlv toward the same systems of cropping and manuring; Dr. H. J. Wheeler called attention to the unsuitability of untreated phosphates to exhausted soils and to market-garden crops; and Prof. W. P. Brooks stated that a large proportion of the ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 195 soils of New Englaiul are in special need of potash, and that it is impossible to determine the fertilizer requirement of a soil apart from the peculiar needs of the particular crop to be grown, a fact which was strontrly emphasized by other speakers. A paper by Mr. A. M. Peter on Some Results of an Old ^fethod for Determining Available l*lant Food in Soils was read by the secretary of the section. Director C. E. Thome presented a paper on Soil Investigation, in which he pointed out the necessity of supplementing chemical analysis and pot experiments with carefully conducted field experiments, and also of giving more attention to the biological processes in the soil. The results of a 7-year rotation Avith corn, oats, and wheat, and of a 8-year experiment with clover, at the Ohio Station, using lime and various fertilizer combinations, were reviewed, showing that phos- phoric acid is apparently the first requirement of cereals on the soils experimented with, and lime the first requirement of clover, potash being second in importance for this crop. The beneficial eifect of the lime, particularly on the clover crop. Avas apparently due to the acid condition of the soil, the character of the growth of the clover being a reliable index of the acidity and the need of lime. Such acid soils were shown to be widely distributed in Ohio. Discussing this paper. Dr. J. G. Lipman urged the importance of more careful study of the relation of acidity to bacterial activity on the one hand and to the physiological processes of the plant on the other, and Dr. H. J. AAHieeler made some suggestions regarding profit- able lines of research in connection with soils. In the discussion of the subject of demonstration work. Director Thorne explained the Ohio system of (1) test farms on which experi- mental work is carried on in different parts of the State; (2) coopera- tive experiments with farmers, taking up simpler phases of station work, and intended primarily to develop farm experimenters in each locality, and (3) special arrangement for particular pieces of work. The importance in cooperative work of relieving the farmer from pecuniary responsibility and of maintaining strict sui)ervision of the woi-k through station officers was pointed out. The speaker urged tlie need of extension of demonstration work. Doctor Hopkins ex])lained the system of coml)ined ex[)erimental and demonstration work followed in Illinois on the farms controlle(l l>v long-time lease or pur(;hase on the various typical soil areas of that State. Prof. L. C. Corbett (hvw a sharp distinction between experi- mental work and demonstration work, holding that the latter should have as its prime object the teaching of remunerative methods of farming, as illustrated in the work of the De|)artment demonstration farms in the cotton belt. Simihir views were expressed by Director C. D. Smith, who cited various illustrations of wavs in which the \\)(\ RKPoirr OF oi'KicK ok kxpkkimknt stations. station had \)vou instniinciitnl in iii(ro(lucin^ nioi-c j)ro(ital)lo fann practices in Midiipin by means of dcinonstration cxperinuMits. Di- rectors Jordan, Hills, and Wheeler held that demonstration work is not. the province of the stations under the Ilalcii Act, the latter con- tendinf landowners to successfully i»l:ui and carry 197 198 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. oiil iiecessarv work, (mHu'I- lhnni' to (♦ooiK'ratc with iuM<2:hl)oi"s, oi- any oilier pxxl and siillioient reason why hinds are not ini])r()ved and a<>:rienllural methods advanced, need bo invcsticfated. Serious obstacles are fret" (ho drains here installecl, >vhich hy the way were intemled to benefit ahont .'^0 acres of land, was ontlined on the theory that a few drains ])ro|)crly located, passinfr diafionally across the slojx', would intercept the water from the hiirher land and conduct it to a water course, thus relieving- the more level land of a large volume of seep water and also cutting off the hydrostatic pressure which forces soil water to the surface in the lower and more per- vious portions of the flat. The effect of these drains was marked and immediate, the owner reporting that his best crop was substan- tially increased and that the land, which had been constantly satu- rated with water during the fall, requiring irrigation soon aft(>r the drains were laid. A portion of the wet meadow was seeded to wheat in 11)05 and produced 50 bushels to the acre. The salutary effect of these few drains was such that the owner'^ of neighboring lands, seeing their beneficial effects, at once asked our assistance in the laying out of other drains. This was done ujjon the request of several of the neighbors, so that now there is a series of fields in that locality, covering a mile or more in length, which are now drained upon the same general plan. Professor McLaughlin, of the State station, reports that he has in several cases, upon request, gone to surrounding fields to advise upon the best plan of draining lands in that vicinity. Regarding the expense of such work, it should be said that at present it is difficult to measure or limit the area which may be beneficially affected by drains located upon the plan before stated. In connection with the case just mentioned it is reported that dur- ing last fall a field lying below any of those which had been drained, which had for twenty years been wet and used only for meadow, was plowed and prepared for wheat and beets for the coming season. This benefit results from the construction of drains upon other lands, and accrues to the owner v>'ithout any expense or effort on his part. It should be also stated that the mere interception of Avater from high lands is not sufficient in all cases to meet the difficulty. The water table of these lands has been permanently raised, and the drains do not, as a rule, lower this table below the level of the drains. The irrigation of meadows by flooding causes an accumulation of sur- face water in the depressions and saturates the lower lands. It is in some cases necessary to have drains in these lower places to relieve the land from the excess which comes to those points by direct irri- gation, so that in planning drains both of these points should be kept in view. It should be also observed that the soil which was here drained is admirably adapted to the use of draintile, the sub- soil being a pervious clay which responds quickly to the action of drains, so that for that region tile may be regarded as the most desirable and effective drain. DRAINAGE INVESTIGATIONS. 205 Another example of the beneficial results of investigations made by this Office is in the Yakima Valley, of Washington, where the soil and its alkali conditions are much different from those noted in the Hyde Park tract. A work of much greater magnitude w-as undertaken there by landowners at their own expense. The high price of drain- tile prohibited their use in this case, and box drains made of 2-inch planks of Oregon fir lumber were used for making the drains. The particular work designed and staked out required the use of 97,000 feet of lumber and the digging of ditches aggregating 10.350 feet in length. The water came from surrounding elevated portions quite rapidly, and in comi^aratively large volumes, upon the lower land by reason of the open gravel subsoil, the effect being that while during the early spring the water table in the lower tracts was 6 feet from the surface it gradually and persistently rose until in August it flowed over the surface of the ground in the lower tracts. The drains were located with the design of intercepting the water from the high lands and leading it into an established drainage water course, with the intention later of providing interior drainage for tlie affected land, if found necessary. These drains have been in operation two years, and the owners report that the land is dry and is now suitable for any crops they desire to plant. As further proof of this benefit, it is noted that a large hop house has been built upon land which previous to its drainage was swampy and during the latter part of the season covered with water. Ow^ners of neighboring land followed immediately with similar drainage works and report most satisfactory results. It is further noticed as an effect of this drainage that lands which were showing the injurious effects of alkali to a greater or less extent are gradually becoming reclaimed and the hops and other crops planted upon them are reviving and becoming more productive. As in the case before noted, the far-reaching effects of drains of this kind are somewhat surprising and'contribute largely to the difficulty in assigning to the lands benefited a proper proportion of the expense of this kind of draniage. It is stated by a farmer, occupying land 1 mile distant from the tract just described, and who has been troubled for years by an excess of water in his soil during the latter part of the season, that after the installation of these drains he was obliged to deepen his wells, and that his cellar, whieh before had contained